无法为 Spring 控制器的 JUnit 测试加载 ApplicationContext
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Failed to load ApplicationContext for JUnit test of Spring controller
提问by Saurabh
I want to write a test case to check my controller (getPersons). This is a server side code. I have confusion what should i put inside @ContextConfiguration(locations={"file:src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/app-contest.xml"})
我想编写一个测试用例来检查我的控制器（getPersons）。这是服务器端代码。我很困惑我应该在里面放什么@ContextConfiguration(locations={"file:src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/app-contest.xml"})
Secondly, I'm getting some errors like this:
其次，我收到了一些这样的错误：
Failed to load application context. Can not find the path [which I specified in @ContextConfiguration]
未能加载应用程序上下文。找不到路径 [我在@ContextConfiguration 中指定的]
I have a structure like this:
我有这样的结构：
restAPI
*src/main/java
com.company.controller
personController.java
*Test
com.company.testController
personControllerTest.java
*src
main
webapp
WEBINF
app-context.xml
@Autowired
private PersonService personService;
@RequestMapping(value="/t2/{yy_id}/person", method=RequestMethod.GET)
@ResponseBody
public PersonInfo[] getPersons() {
return personService.getPersons();
}
This is my Test
这是我的测试
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations={"classpath:WEB-INF/app-context.xml"})
@WebAppConfiguration
public class PersonControllerTest {
@Autowired
private WebApplicationContext wac;
private MockMvc mockMvc;
@Before
public void setup() {
this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(this.wac).build();
}
@Autowired
private PersonService personService;
@Test
public void getPersons() throws Exception {
this.mockMvc.perform(get("/t2/1/person")
.accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
.andExpect(status().isOk());
}
Trace
痕迹
java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext
at org.springframework.test.context.TestContext.getApplicationContext(TestContext.java:157)
at org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.setUpRequestContextIfNecessary(ServletTestExecutionListener.java:103)
at org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(ServletTestExecutionListener.java:73)
at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:313)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:211)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:288)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:284)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:231)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:88)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:238)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.schedule(ParentRunner.java:63)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:236)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:app-context.xml")
public class PersonControllerTest {
...
}
0(ParentRunner.java:53)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:229)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:71)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:309)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:174)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:50)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:467)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:683)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:390)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:197)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanDefinitionStoreException: IOException parsing XML document from class path resource [WEB-INF/application-context.xml]; nested exception is java.io.FileNotFoundException: class path resource [WEB-INF/application-context.xml] cannot be opened because it does not exist
at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:341)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:302)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:174)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:209)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:180)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:243)
at org.springframework.test.context.web.GenericXmlWebContextLoader.loadBeanDefinitions(GenericXmlWebContextLoader.java:38)
at org.springframework.test.context.web.AbstractGenericWebContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericWebContextLoader.java:113)
at org.springframework.test.context.web.AbstractGenericWebContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericWebContextLoader.java:59)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.delegateLoading(AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.java:100)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.java:248)
at org.springframework.test.context.TestContext.loadApplicationContext(TestContext.java:124)
at org.springframework.test.context.TestContext.getApplicationContext(TestContext.java:148)
... 24 more
Caused by: java.io.FileNotFoundException: class path resource [WEB-INF/app-context.xml] cannot be opened because it does not exist
at org.springframework.core.io.ClassPathResource.getInputStream(ClassPathResource.java:157)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:328)
Can some one please help me out to figure it out what's wrong here?
有人可以帮我弄清楚这里出了什么问题吗？
回答by Martin Strejc
As mentioned in duscusion: WEB-INF is not really a part of class path. If you use a common template such as maven, use src/main/resources or src/test/resources to place the app-context.xml into. Then you can use 'classpath:'.
正如在 duscusion 中提到的：WEB-INF 并不是真正的类路径的一部分。如果使用maven等常用模板，使用src/main/resources或src/test/resources将app-context.xml放入。然后你可以使用“类路径：”。
Place your config file into src/main/resources/app-context.xml and use code
将您的配置文件放入 src/main/resources/app-context.xml 并使用代码
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:test-app-context.xml")
public class PersonControllerTest {
...
}
or you can make yout test context with different configuration of beans.
或者您可以使用不同的 bean 配置来测试上下文。
Place your config file into src/test/resources/test-app-context.xml and use code
将您的配置文件放入 src/test/resources/test-app-context.xml 并使用代码
<build>
<testResources>
<testResource>
<directory>src/main/webapp</directory>
</testResource>
</testResources>
</build>
回答by BharatB
If you are using Maven, add the below config in your pom.xml:
如果您使用 Maven，请在 pom.xml 中添加以下配置：
<dependency>
<groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
<artifactId>h2</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
With this config, you will be able to access xml files in WEB-INF folder. From Maven POM Reference: The testResources element block contains testResource elements. Their definitions are similar to resource elements, but are naturally used during test phases.
使用此配置，您将能够访问 WEB-INF 文件夹中的 xml 文件。来自 Maven POM 参考： testResources 元素块包含 testResource 元素。它们的定义类似于资源元素，但在测试阶段自然会使用。
回答by mahesh chakravarthi
There can be multiple root causes for this exception. For me, my mockMvc wasn't getting auto-configured. I solved this exception by using @WebMvcTest(MyController.class)at the class level. This annotation will disable full auto-configuration and instead apply only configuration relevant to MVC tests.
此异常可能有多个根本原因。对我来说，我的 mockMvc 没有被自动配置。我通过@WebMvcTest(MyController.class)在类级别使用解决了这个异常。此注释将禁用完全自动配置，而是仅应用与 MVC 测试相关的配置。
An alternative to this is, If you are looking to load your full application configuration and use MockMVC, you should consider @SpringBootTestcombined with @AutoConfigureMockMvcrather than @WebMvcTest
另一种方法是，如果您希望加载完整的应用程序配置并使用 MockMVC，则应考虑@SpringBootTest结合使用@AutoConfigureMockMvc而不是@WebMvcTest
回答by N.MATHIEU
Solved by adding the following dependency into pom.xml file :
通过在 pom.xml 文件中添加以下依赖项解决：
##代码##