java 使用 Spring Boot 和 Mockito 进行模拟对象方法调用
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Mock object method call using Spring Boot and Mockito
提问by Kaj
I am trying to write a test for this Java SpringBoot's class:
我正在尝试为此 Java SpringBoot 的类编写测试：
Specifically, I am trying to "mock" this method call:
具体来说，我试图“模拟”这个方法调用：
URI uri = util.getServiceUrl("product");
I figured out I should "mock" the ServiceUtilsobject in order to do this. I tried this using the @Mockand @InjectMocksannotations:
我想我应该“模拟”ServiceUtils对象才能做到这一点。我使用@Mock和@InjectMocks注释尝试了这个：
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringApplicationConfiguration(classes = ProductCompositeServiceApplication.class)
public class ProductCompositeIntegrationTest {
@InjectMocks
@Autowired
private ProductCompositeIntegration productIntegration;
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@Mock
private ServiceUtils util;
private MockRestServiceServer mockServer;
@Before
public void setUp() {
MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
mockServer = MockRestServiceServer.createServer(restTemplate);
}
@Test
public void myTest() {
Mockito.when(util.getServiceUrl("product")).thenReturn(URI.create("http://localhost:8080/test"));
ResponseEntity<Iterable<Product>> products = productIntegration.getAllProducts();
}
}
But this way it still calls the original ServiceUtilsobject, and not the "mocked" one. Also tried without the @Autowiredannotation at the ProductCompositeIntegration, but this results in a NullPointerException.
但是这样它仍然调用原始ServiceUtils对象，而不是“模拟”对象。也尝试在 没有@Autowired注释的情况下ProductCompositeIntegration，但这会导致NullPointerException.
What am I doing wrong?
我究竟做错了什么？
My main class looks like this:
我的主要课程是这样的：
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableCircuitBreaker
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class ProductCompositeServiceApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ProductCompositeServiceApplication.class, args);
}
}
The ServiceUtilsobject that I am trying to mock is specified in a class, annotated with Spring's @Componentannotation to inject it into the other classes using @Autowired.
ServiceUtils我试图模拟的对象在一个类中指定，用 Spring 的@Component注释进行注释，以使用@Autowired.
采纳答案by Kaj
After a lot of trial and error I managed to solve this problem.
经过大量的反复试验，我设法解决了这个问题。
I dropped the
我放弃了
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringApplicationConfiguration(classes = ProductCompositeServiceApplication.class)
annotations aboved the test class.
测试类上方的注释。
I marked the class that I was testing with @InjectMocksand the dependencies with @Mock:
我标记了我正在测试的类@InjectMocks和依赖项@Mock：
public class ProductCompositeIntegrationTest {
@InjectMocks
private ProductCompositeIntegration productIntegration;
@Mock
private ServiceUtils util;
private MockRestServiceServer mockServer;
private RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
@Before
public void init() {
MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
mockServer = MockRestServiceServer.createServer(restTemplate);
productIntegration.setRestTemplate(restTemplate);
}
@Test
public void someTests() {
when(util.getServiceUrl("product")).thenReturn(URI.create("http://localhost:8080/test"));
//Test code...
}
}
I'm not sure if this is the best approach ("the Spring way"), but this worked for me.
我不确定这是否是最好的方法（“Spring 方法”），但这对我有用。
This article made it all clear to me: http://rdafbn.blogspot.be/2014/01/testing-spring-components-with-mockito.html
这篇文章让我很清楚：http: //rdafbn.blogspot.be/2014/01/testing-spring-components-with-mockito.html
回答by Sandra Parsick
You have to write a FactoryBeanlike
你得写个FactoryBean赞
public class MockitoFactoryBean<T> implements FactoryBean<T> {
private Class<T> classToBeMocked;
public MockitoFactoryBean(Class<T> classToBeMocked) {
this.classToBeMocked = classToBeMocked;
}
@Override
public T getObject() throws Exception {
return Mockito.mock(classToBeMocked);
}
@Override
public Class<?> getObjectType() {
return classToBeMocked;
}
@Override
public boolean isSingleton() {
return true;
}
}
In your test-context.xmlyou have to add the following lines.
在您test-context.xml必须添加以下行。
<bean id="serviceUtilMock" class="MockitoFactoryBean">
<constructor-arg value="your.package.ServiceUtil" />
</bean>
If you don't use XML configuration, then you have to add the equivalent to above in your Java configuration.
如果您不使用 XML 配置，则必须在 Java 配置中添加与上述等效的内容。
