如何使用 bash 脚本编辑 XML？
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how to edit XML using bash script?
提问by Roman
<root>
<tag>1</tag>
<tag1>2</tag1>
</root>
Need to change values 1 and 2 from bash
需要从 bash 更改值 1 和 2
回答by Charles Duffy
To change tag's value to 2and tag1's value to 3, using XMLStarlet:
要将tag的值更改为2和tag1的值更改为3，请使用XMLStarlet：
xmlstarlet ed \
-u '/root/tag' -v 2 \
-u '/root/tag1' -v 3 \
<old.xml >new.xml
Using your sample input:
使用您的样本输入：
xmlstarlet ed \
-u '/root/tag' -v 2 \
-u '/root/tag1' -v 3 \
<<<'<root><tag>1</tag><tag1>2</tag1></root>'
...emits as output:
...作为输出发出：
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<root>
<tag>2</tag>
<tag1>3</tag1>
</root>
回答by Mithfindel
You can use the xsltproccommand (from package xsltprocon Debian-based distros) with the following XSLT sheet:
您可以使用带有以下 XSLT 表的xsltproc命令（来自xsltproc基于 Debian 的发行版上的包）：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
<xsl:output method="xml" indent="yes"/>
<xsl:param name="tagReplacement"/>
<xsl:param name="tag1Replacement"/>
<xsl:template match="node()|@*">
<xsl:copy>
<xsl:apply-templates select="node()|@*"/>
</xsl:copy>
</xsl:template>
<xsl:template match="tag">
<xsl:copy>
<xsl:value-of select="$tagReplacement"/>
</xsl:copy>
</xsl:template>
<xsl:template match="tag1">
<xsl:copy>
<xsl:value-of select="$tag1Replacement"/>
</xsl:copy>
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
Then use the command:
然后使用命令：
xsltproc --stringparam tagReplacement polop \
--stringparam tag1Replacement palap \
transform.xsl input.xml
Or you could also use regexes, but modifying XML through regexes is pure evil :)
或者你也可以使用正则表达式，但通过正则表达式修改 XML 是完全邪恶的 :)
回答by stringy05
my $0.02 in python because its on every server you will ever log in to
我在 python 中 0.02 美元，因为它在你登录的每台服务器上
import sys, xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
data = ""
for line in sys.stdin:
data += line
tree = ET.fromstring(data)
nodeA = tree.find('.//tag')
nodeB = tree.find('.//tag1')
tmp = nodeA.text
nodeA.text = nodeB.text
nodeB.text = tmp
print ET.tostring(tree)
this reads from stdin so you can use it like this:
这从 stdin 读取，因此您可以像这样使用它：
$ echo '<node><tag1>hi!</tag1><tag>this</tag></node>' | python xml_process.py
<node><tag1>this</tag1><tag>hi!</tag></node>
EDIT - challenge accepted
编辑 - 接受挑战
Here's a working xmllib implementation (should work back to python 1.6). As I thought it would be more fun to stab my eyes with a fork. The only think I will say about this is it works for the given use case.
这是一个有效的 xmllib 实现（应该可以返回到 python 1.6）。因为我认为用叉子刺我的眼睛会更有趣。我唯一想说的是它适用于给定的用例。
import sys, xmllib
class Bag:
pass
class NodeSwapper(xmllib.XMLParser):
def __init__(self):
print 'making a NodeSwapper'
xmllib.XMLParser.__init__(self)
self.result = ''
self.data_tags = {}
self.current_tag = ''
self.finished = False
def handle_data(self, data):
print 'data: ' + data
self.data_tags[self.current_tag] = data
if self.finished:
return
if 'tag1' in self.data_tags.keys() and 'tag' in self.data_tags.keys():
b = Bag()
b.tag1 = self.data_tags['tag1']
b.tag = self.data_tags['tag']
b.t1_start_idx = self.rawdata.find(b.tag1)
b.t1_end_idx = len(b.tag1) + b.t1_start_idx
b.t_start_idx = self.rawdata.find(b.tag)
b.t_end_idx = len(b.tag) + b.t_start_idx
# swap
if b.t1_start_idx < b.t_start_idx:
self.result = self.rawdata[:b.t_start_idx] + b.tag + self.rawdata[b.t_end_idx:]
self.result = self.result[:b.t1_start_idx] + b.tag1 + self.result[b.t1_end_idx:]
else:
self.result = self.rawdata[:b.t1_start_idx] + b.tag1 + self.rawdata[t1_end_idx:]
self.result = self.result[:b.t_start_idx] + b.tag + self.rresult[t_end_idx:]
self.finished = True
def unknown_starttag(self, tag, attrs):
print 'starttag is: ' + tag
self.current_tag = tag
data = ""
for line in sys.stdin:
data += line
print 'data is: ' + data
parser = NodeSwapper()
parser.feed(data)
print parser.result
parser.close()
回答by tripleee
Since you give a sedexample in one of the comments, I imagine you want a pure bash solution?
既然您sed在其中一条评论中举了一个例子，我想您想要一个纯 bash 解决方案？
while read input; do
for field in tag tag1; do
case $input in
*"<$field>"*"</$field>"* )
pre=${input#*"<$field>"}
suf=${input%"</$field>"*}
# Where are we supposed to be getting the replacement text from?
input="${input%$pre}SOMETHING${input#$suf}"
;;
esac
done
echo "$input"
done
This is completely unintelligent, and obviously only works on well-formed input with the start tag and the end tag on the same line, you can't have multiple instances of the same tag on the same line, the list of tags to substitute is hard-coded, etc.
这是完全不智能的，显然只适用于在同一行上具有开始标记和结束标记的格式良好的输入，同一行上不能有多个相同标记的实例，要替换的标记列表是硬编码等
I cannot imagine a situation where this would be actually useful, and preferable to either a script or a proper XML approach.
我无法想象这种情况会实际有用，并且比脚本或适当的 XML 方法更可取。
