Python urllib.request.urlopen(url) 带身份验证
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urllib.request.urlopen(url) with Authentication
提问by moritzg
I've been playing with beautiful soup and parsing web pages for a few days. I have been using a line of code which has been my saviour in all the scripts that I write. The line of code is :
几天来我一直在玩漂亮的汤和解析网页。我一直在使用一行代码，它在我编写的所有脚本中都是我的救星。代码行是：
r = requests.get('some_url', auth=('my_username', 'my_password')).
BUT ...
但 ...
I want to do the same thing with (OPEN A URL WITH AUTHENTICATION):
我想用（OPEN A URL WITH AUTHENTICATION）做同样的事情：
(1) sauce = urllib.request.urlopen(url).read() (1)
(2) soup = bs.BeautifulSoup(sauce,"html.parser") (2)
I'm not able to open a url and read, the webpage which needs authentication. How do I achieve something like this :
我无法打开 url 并阅读需要身份验证的网页。我如何实现这样的目标：
(3) sauce = urllib.request.urlopen(url, auth=(username, password)).read() (3)
instead of (1)
采纳答案by Christian K?nig
Have a look at the HOWTO Fetch Internet Resources Using The urllib Packagefrom the official docs:
查看官方文档中的HOWTO Fetch Internet Resources Using The urllib Package：
# create a password manager
password_mgr = urllib.request.HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm()
# Add the username and password.
# If we knew the realm, we could use it instead of None.
top_level_url = "http://example.com/foo/"
password_mgr.add_password(None, top_level_url, username, password)
handler = urllib.request.HTTPBasicAuthHandler(password_mgr)
# create "opener" (OpenerDirector instance)
opener = urllib.request.build_opener(handler)
# use the opener to fetch a URL
opener.open(a_url)
# Install the opener.
# Now all calls to urllib.request.urlopen use our opener.
urllib.request.install_opener(opener)
回答by moritzg
You're using HTTP Basic Authentication:
您正在使用HTTP Basic Authentication：
import urllib2, base64
request = urllib2.Request(url)
base64string = base64.b64encode('%s:%s' % (username, password))
request.add_header("Authorization", "Basic %s" % base64string)
result = urllib2.urlopen(request)
So you should base64encode the username and password and send it as an Authorizationheader.
因此，您应该base64对用户名和密码进行编码并将其作为Authorization标头发送。
