Java 相当于产生相同输出的 JavaScript 的 encodeURIComponent 吗？
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Java equivalent to JavaScript's encodeURIComponent that produces identical output?
提问by John Topley
I've been experimenting with various bits of Java code trying to come up with something that will encode a string containing quotes, spaces and "exotic" Unicode characters and produce output that's identical to JavaScript's encodeURIComponentfunction.
我一直在尝试各种 Java 代码，试图想出一些东西来编码包含引号、空格和“异国情调”Unicode 字符的字符串，并产生与 JavaScript 的encodeURIComponent函数相同的输出。
My torture test string is: "A" B ± "
我的酷刑测试字符串是：“A”B±“
If I enter the following JavaScript statement in Firebug:
如果我在 Firebug 中输入以下 JavaScript 语句：
encodeURIComponent('"A" B ± "');
—Then I get:
——然后我得到：
"%22A%22%20B%20%C2%B1%20%22"
Here's my little test Java program:
这是我的小测试 Java 程序：
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
public class EncodingTest
{
public static void main(String[] args) throws UnsupportedEncodingException
{
String s = "\"A\" B ± \"";
System.out.println("URLEncoder.encode returns "
+ URLEncoder.encode(s, "UTF-8"));
System.out.println("getBytes returns "
+ new String(s.getBytes("UTF-8"), "ISO-8859-1"));
}
}
—This program outputs:
——这个程序输出：
URLEncoder.encode returns %22A%22+B+%C2%B1+%22 getBytes returns "A" B ± "
Close, but no cigar! What is the best way of encoding a UTF-8 string using Java so that it produces the same output as JavaScript's encodeURIComponent?
关闭，但没有雪茄！使用 Java 编码 UTF-8 字符串以使其产生与 JavaScript 相同的输出的最佳方法是什么encodeURIComponent？
EDIT:I'm using Java 1.4 moving to Java 5 shortly.
编辑：我正在使用 Java 1.4，很快就会迁移到 Java 5。
采纳答案by Tomalak
Looking at the implementation differences, I see that:
查看实现差异，我看到：
- literal characters (regex representation):
[-a-zA-Z0-9._*~'()!]
- 文字字符（正则表达式）：
[-a-zA-Z0-9._*~'()!]
Java 1.5.0 documentation on URLEncoder:
- literal characters (regex representation):
[-a-zA-Z0-9._*] - the space character
" "is converted into a plus sign"+".
- 文字字符（正则表达式）：
[-a-zA-Z0-9._*] - 空格字符
" "转换为加号"+"。
So basically, to get the desired result, use URLEncoder.encode(s, "UTF-8")and then do some post-processing:
所以基本上，要获得所需的结果，请使用URLEncoder.encode(s, "UTF-8")然后进行一些后处理：
- replace all occurrences of
"+"with"%20" - replace all occurrences of
"%xx"representing any of[~'()!]back to their literal counter-parts
- 替换所有出现的
"+"with"%20" - 将所有出现的
"%xx"表示任何[~'()!]回替换为它们的文字对应部分
回答by Ravi Wallau
Using the javascript engine that is shipped with Java 6:
使用 Java 6 附带的 javascript 引擎：
import javax.script.ScriptEngine;
import javax.script.ScriptEngineManager;
public class Wow
{
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception
{
ScriptEngineManager factory = new ScriptEngineManager();
ScriptEngine engine = factory.getEngineByName("JavaScript");
engine.eval("print(encodeURIComponent('\"A\" B ± \"'))");
}
}
Output: %22A%22%20B%20%c2%b1%20%22
输出：%22A%22%20B%20%c2%b1%20%22
The case is different but it's closer to what you want.
情况不同，但更接近您想要的。
回答by John Topley
This is the class I came up with in the end:
这是我最后想出的类：
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.URLDecoder;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
/**
* Utility class for JavaScript compatible UTF-8 encoding and decoding.
*
* @see http://stackoverflow.com/questions/607176/java-equivalent-to-javascripts-encodeuricomponent-that-produces-identical-output
* @author John Topley
*/
public class EncodingUtil
{
/**
* Decodes the passed UTF-8 String using an algorithm that's compatible with
* JavaScript's <code>decodeURIComponent</code> function. Returns
* <code>null</code> if the String is <code>null</code>.
*
* @param s The UTF-8 encoded String to be decoded
* @return the decoded String
*/
public static String decodeURIComponent(String s)
{
if (s == null)
{
return null;
}
String result = null;
try
{
result = URLDecoder.decode(s, "UTF-8");
}
// This exception should never occur.
catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e)
{
result = s;
}
return result;
}
/**
* Encodes the passed String as UTF-8 using an algorithm that's compatible
* with JavaScript's <code>encodeURIComponent</code> function. Returns
* <code>null</code> if the String is <code>null</code>.
*
* @param s The String to be encoded
* @return the encoded String
*/
public static String encodeURIComponent(String s)
{
String result = null;
try
{
result = URLEncoder.encode(s, "UTF-8")
.replaceAll("\+", "%20")
.replaceAll("\%21", "!")
.replaceAll("\%27", "'")
.replaceAll("\%28", "(")
.replaceAll("\%29", ")")
.replaceAll("\%7E", "~");
}
// This exception should never occur.
catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e)
{
result = s;
}
return result;
}
/**
* Private constructor to prevent this class from being instantiated.
*/
private EncodingUtil()
{
super();
}
}
回答by sangupta
I came up with another implementation documented at, http://blog.sangupta.com/2010/05/encodeuricomponent-and.html. The implementation can also handle Unicode bytes.
我想出了另一个记录在http://blog.sangupta.com/2010/05/encodeuricomponent-and.html 的实现。该实现还可以处理 Unicode 字节。
回答by Joe Mill
I came up with my own version of the encodeURIComponent, because the posted solution has one problem, if there was a + present in the String, which should be encoded, it will converted to a space.
我想出了我自己的encodeURIComponent版本，因为发布的解决方案有一个问题，如果字符串中存在一个+，应该编码，它将转换为一个空格。
So here is my class:
所以这是我的课：
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.BitSet;
public final class EscapeUtils
{
/** used for the encodeURIComponent function */
private static final BitSet dontNeedEncoding;
static
{
dontNeedEncoding = new BitSet(256);
// a-z
for (int i = 97; i <= 122; ++i)
{
dontNeedEncoding.set(i);
}
// A-Z
for (int i = 65; i <= 90; ++i)
{
dontNeedEncoding.set(i);
}
// 0-9
for (int i = 48; i <= 57; ++i)
{
dontNeedEncoding.set(i);
}
// '()*
for (int i = 39; i <= 42; ++i)
{
dontNeedEncoding.set(i);
}
dontNeedEncoding.set(33); // !
dontNeedEncoding.set(45); // -
dontNeedEncoding.set(46); // .
dontNeedEncoding.set(95); // _
dontNeedEncoding.set(126); // ~
}
/**
* A Utility class should not be instantiated.
*/
private EscapeUtils()
{
}
/**
* Escapes all characters except the following: alphabetic, decimal digits, - _ . ! ~ * ' ( )
*
* @param input
* A component of a URI
* @return the escaped URI component
*/
public static String encodeURIComponent(String input)
{
if (input == null)
{
return input;
}
StringBuilder filtered = new StringBuilder(input.length());
char c;
for (int i = 0; i < input.length(); ++i)
{
c = input.charAt(i);
if (dontNeedEncoding.get(c))
{
filtered.append(c);
}
else
{
final byte[] b = charToBytesUTF(c);
for (int j = 0; j < b.length; ++j)
{
filtered.append('%');
filtered.append("0123456789ABCDEF".charAt(b[j] >> 4 & 0xF));
filtered.append("0123456789ABCDEF".charAt(b[j] & 0xF));
}
}
}
return filtered.toString();
}
private static byte[] charToBytesUTF(char c)
{
try
{
return new String(new char[] { c }).getBytes("UTF-8");
}
catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e)
{
return new byte[] { (byte) c };
}
}
}
回答by honzajde
I have found PercentEscaper class from google-http-java-client library, that can be used to implement encodeURIComponent quite easily.
我从 google-http-java-client 库中找到了 PercentEscaper 类，它可以很容易地用于实现 encodeURIComponent。
PercentEscaper from google-http-java-client javadocgoogle-http-java-client home
来自 google-http-java-client javadoc google-http-java-client 主页的PercentEscaper
回答by Mike Bryant
I have successfully used the java.net.URI class like so:
我已经成功地使用了 java.net.URI 类，如下所示：
public static String uriEncode(String string) {
String result = string;
if (null != string) {
try {
String scheme = null;
String ssp = string;
int es = string.indexOf(':');
if (es > 0) {
scheme = string.substring(0, es);
ssp = string.substring(es + 1);
}
result = (new URI(scheme, ssp, null)).toString();
} catch (URISyntaxException usex) {
// ignore and use string that has syntax error
}
}
return result;
}
回答by Chris Nitchie
I use java.net.URI#getRawPath(), e.g.
我使用java.net.URI#getRawPath()，例如
String s = "a+b c.html";
String fixed = new URI(null, null, s, null).getRawPath();
The value of fixedwill be a+b%20c.html, which is what you want.
fixedwill的值是a+b%20c.html，这就是你想要的。
Post-processing the output of URLEncoder.encode()will obliterate any pluses that are supposedto be in the URI. For example
对 的输出进行后处理URLEncoder.encode()将消除任何应该在 URI 中的加号。例如
URLEncoder.encode("a+b c.html").replaceAll("\+", "%20");
will give you a%20b%20c.html, which will be interpreted as a b c.html.
会给你a%20b%20c.html，这将被解释为a b c.html.
回答by Aliaksei Nikuliak
Guava library has PercentEscaper:
Guava 库有 PercentEscaper：
Escaper percentEscaper = new PercentEscaper("-_.*", false);
Escaper percentEscaper = new PercentEscaper("-_.*", false);
"-_.*" are safe characters
“-_.*”是安全字符
false says PercentEscaper to escape space with '%20', not '+'
false 表示 PercentEscaper 使用“%20”而不是“+”来转义空间
回答by silver
This is a straightforward example Ravi Wallau's solution:
这是 Ravi Wallau 解决方案的一个简单示例：
public String buildSafeURL(String partialURL, String documentName)
throws ScriptException {
ScriptEngineManager scriptEngineManager = new ScriptEngineManager();
ScriptEngine scriptEngine = scriptEngineManager
.getEngineByName("JavaScript");
String urlSafeDocumentName = String.valueOf(scriptEngine
.eval("encodeURIComponent('" + documentName + "')"));
String safeURL = partialURL + urlSafeDocumentName;
return safeURL;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
EncodeURIComponentDemo demo = new EncodeURIComponentDemo();
String partialURL = "https://www.website.com/document/";
String documentName = "Tom & Jerry Manuscript.pdf";
try {
System.out.println(demo.buildSafeURL(partialURL, documentName));
} catch (ScriptException se) {
se.printStackTrace();
}
}
Output:https://www.website.com/document/Tom%20%26%20Jerry%20Manuscript.pdf
输出：https://www.website.com/document/Tom%20%26%20Jerry%20Manuscript.pdf
It also answers the hanging question in the comments by Loren Shqipognja on how to pass a String variable to encodeURIComponent(). The method scriptEngine.eval()returns an Object, so it can converted to String via String.valueOf()among other methods.
它还回答了 Loren Shqipognja 关于如何将 String 变量传递给encodeURIComponent(). 该方法scriptEngine.eval()返回一个Object，因此它可以通过String.valueOf()其他方法转换为字符串。
