Python如何访问socket()等OS API函数？
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How does Python access OS API functions such as socket()?
提问by Charlie
UPDATED Questions:
更新的问题：
Where does the socket object actually get created? I found this at line 4188 in socketmodule.c, but it looks like it's called sock_new not socket?
static PyObject *sock_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)Is there some convention for figuring out where a module like socketmodule.c is imported? In other words, when I see a "from _socket import *" who do I know what that's importing (without searching the whole repository)?
套接字对象实际上是在哪里创建的？我在socketmodule.c 的第 4188 行找到了这个，但它看起来像是 sock_new 而不是 socket？
static PyObject *sock_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)是否有一些约定来确定像 socketmodule.c 这样的模块是从哪里导入的？换句话说，当我看到“from _socket import *”时，我知道它在导入什么（无需搜索整个存储库）？
ORIGINAL:
原来的：
sock_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
I'm trying to understand how this code works specifically how/where Python actually makes the OS function call to socket():
我试图了解这段代码是如何工作的，具体是 Python 如何/在何处实际使 OS 函数调用 socket()：
class _socketobject(object):
__doc__ = _realsocket.__doc__
__slots__ = ["_sock", "__weakref__"] + list(_delegate_methods)
def __init__(self, family=AF_INET, type=SOCK_STREAM, proto=0, _sock=None):
if _sock is None:
_sock = _realsocket(family, type, proto)
self._sock = _sock
for method in _delegate_methods:
setattr(self, method, getattr(_sock, method))
When I look up BSD sockets on Wikipedia I see this example which makes sense because the socket function is defined under types.h. In the above I see a call to realsocket which look like an OS function call, but I don't realsocket defined anywhere (I don't see anything about sockets at all in the Python27/include headers).
当我在 Wikipedia 上查找 BSD 套接字时，我看到这个示例很有意义，因为套接字函数是在 types.h 下定义的。在上面，我看到一个对 realsocket 的调用，它看起来像一个 OS 函数调用，但我没有在任何地方定义 realsocket（我在 Python27/include 头文件中根本看不到任何关于套接字的内容）。
/* Server code in C */
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
int main(void)
{
struct sockaddr_in stSockAddr;
int SocketFD = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP);
采纳答案by CristiFati
It has everything to do with the 1stand the 2ndlines from socket.py:
它拥有一切做的1日和2个从行socket.py：
import _socket
from _socket import *
If you start Pythonand run the following code:
如果您启动Python并运行以下代码：
import socket
print dir(socket)
print dir(socket._socket)
you'll notice that socketonly exports a few extra things compared to socket._socket.
你会发现，插座只出口了一些额外的东西相比socket._socket。
Now, what is socket._socket? It is a Pythondynamic module (meaning that it can be used just like any other python module), but it's written in C(so after compilation it has an OSspecific native form: .sounder Nixand .dll(.pyd) under Win). Its location is in the python lib folder (where socket.pyis also located): lib-dynload/_socket*.so.
现在，什么是socket._socket？它是一个Python动态模块（意味着它可以像任何其他 Python 模块一样使用），但它是用C编写的（因此编译后它具有特定于操作系统的本机形式：Nix下的.so和.dll( .pyd) 下的赢）。它的位置在 python lib 文件夹中（socket.py也位于其中）：lib-dynload/_socket*.so。
You can see where modules are located by printing them (in the same console where you ran the above code you could type):
您可以通过打印来查看模块所在的位置（在您可以键入的上述代码的同一控制台中）：
print socket
print socket._socket
If you're more interested, its source code is located in the Pythonsource tarball in ${PYTHON_SRC_DIR}/Modules/socketmodule.c(it also has a header file). In those files, the wrapper functions (that are visible from Python) are defined and they call the native functions (e.g. socketfrom /usr/include/sys/socket.h).
如果您更感兴趣，它的源代码位于${PYTHON_SRC_DIR}/Modules/socketmodule.c（它还有一个头文件）中的Python源 tarball 中。在这些文件中，定义了包装函数（在Python中可见）并且它们调用本机函数（例如来自/usr/include/sys/socket.h 的套接字）。
