安装 Ruby 后 MAC OS X 上的活动开发者路径无效

Invalid active developer path on MAC OS X after installing Ruby

提问by David Lambl

I get this error:

我收到此错误：

xcrun: error: invalid active developer path (/Applications/Xcode.app), missing xcrun at: /Applications/Xcode.app/usr/bin/xcrun

xcrun: error: invalid active developer path (/Applications/Xcode.app), missing xcrun at: /Applications/Xcode.app/usr/bin/xcrun

This solutionworks, but the error occurs again after closing my terminal and reopening it; I then have to run the same commands every time I open a new terminal window.

此解决方案有效，但关闭我的终端并重新打开后再次出现错误；然后，每次打开新的终端窗口时，我都必须运行相同的命令。

How can I apply these changes such that they will save after closing the terminal window out?

如何应用这些更改，以便在关闭终端窗口后保存它们？

回答by Shuvo

I started getting the same error after updating to OS X El Capitan.
In my case, all I did was to install it:

更新到 OS X El Capitan 后，我开始遇到同样的错误。
就我而言，我所做的就是安装它：

sudo xcode-select --install

And it works fine for me.

它对我来说很好用。

回答by David Lambl

[Update]The steps below are for OS X 10.10 (Yosemite). Those experiencing this because of an upgrade to 10.11 (El Capitan) seem need to only runsudo xcode-select --installas described in the accepted answer.

[更新]以下步骤适用于 OS X 10.10 (Yosemite)。那些因为升级到 10.11 (El Capitan) 而遇到这种情况的人似乎只需要按照已接受的答案中的描述运行sudo xcode-select --install。

I found a suggestion herewhich indicated

我在这里找到了一个建议，它表明

sudo xcode-select -switch /

sudo xcode-select -switch /

as the fix. However, this threw an error that the developer path was invalid.

作为修复。但是，这引发了开发人员路径无效的错误。

Instead, for me, I modified this to

相反，对我来说，我将其修改为

sudo xcode-select -switch /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/

sudo xcode-select -switch /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/

(which is a mixture of the two referenced link solutions) and this worked.

（这是两个参考链接解决方案的混合）并且这有效。

[Edit]

[编辑]

Try using

尝试使用

xcode-select --print-path

xcode-select --print-path

to find your developer path if /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/ is still invalid for you.

如果 /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/ 对您仍然无效，请找到您的开发人员路径。

回答by RinW

I know this is quite old but I got the same issue and then I fixed it by doing couple more extra steps. Problem came when Terminal could not find the actual path of the Command Line Tools.

我知道这已经很老了，但我遇到了同样的问题，然后我通过执行更多额外步骤来修复它。当终端找不到命令行工具的实际路径时，问题就出现了。

1. If you had Xcode and then removed it, then Terminal is referring to the Command Line Tools inside the Xcode folder. Try using this command and check what your path is, xcode-select --print-path. This would most likely print /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer.
2. Now to fix this, reinstall the command line tools for xcode. Initially remove any previous installations using sudo rm -rf /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools.
3. Then install the command line tools sudo xcode-select --installNow the final step, change the path for the CLT to the actual path using sudo xcode-select -switch /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/this will fix it.

1. 如果您有 Xcode 然后将其删除，则终端指的是 Xcode 文件夹中的命令行工具。尝试使用此命令并检查您的路径是什么，xcode-select --print-path. 这很可能会打印/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer.
2. 现在要解决此问题，请重新安装 xcode 的命令行工具。最初使用sudo rm -rf /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools.
3. 然后安装命令行工具sudo xcode-select --install现在是最后一步，使用sudo xcode-select -switch /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/此命令将CLT 的路径更改为实际路径将修复它。

回答by Anjali Kevadiya

I started getting the same error after i update macOS Mojave to macOS Catalina.

将 macOS Mojave 更新为 macOS Catalina 后，我开始遇到相同的错误。

I just installed few command lines in Terminal,

我刚刚在终端中安装了几个命令行，

 1. $ sudo gem?install cocoapods
 2. $ sudo xcode-select --install
 3. $ chsh -s /bin/zsh

Then,

然后，

Xcode -> Preferences -> Locations -> Command Line Tools and confirm you have current Xcode version selected there.

And it works fine with me. Thanks!!

它对我来说很好用。谢谢！！

回答by Kumar C

I resolved the issue with the below steps.

我通过以下步骤解决了这个问题。

Xcode-> Preferences-> Locations-> Command Line Tools-> Selectthe command tool matching your Xcode version.

Xcode-> Preferences-> Locations-> Command Line Tools->选择与您的 Xcode 版本匹配的命令工具。

回答by Joe

For me the solution was as easy as reinstalling Xcode.

对我来说，解决方案就像重新安装 Xcode 一样简单。

It was pointed out here: https://superuser.com/a/981126

这里指出：https: //superuser.com/a/981126

You can (re)install Xcode via command line like the answer above suggest, or directly from the App Store.

您可以像上面建议的答案一样通过命令行（重新）安装 Xcode，或者直接从 App Store 安装。

回答by suresh

I too had the same issue after upgrading to OS X EI Captian. I just installed xcode-select using sudo xcode-select --install

升级到 OS X EI Captian 后，我也遇到了同样的问题。我刚刚安装了 xcode-select 使用sudo xcode-select --install

回答by chetu

I had faced the same issue when i removed one of the two Xcode installed.

当我删除安装的两个 Xcode 之一时，我遇到了同样的问题。

I have solve this issue by Switching the path using terminal like below

我已经通过使用如下终端切换路径解决了这个问题

$ sudo xcode-select --switch (drag Xcode here to get a path)

$ sudo xcode-select --switch（将 Xcode 拖到此处以获取路径）

e.g sudo xcode-select --switch /Applications/Xcode\ 10.1.app

例如 sudo xcode-select --switch /Applications/Xcode\ 10.1.app

回答by MichaelWang

sudo xcode-select -switch /works for me.

sudo xcode-select -switch /对我来说有效。

回答by Ryan

Partial diagnosis: https://github.com/microsoft/vcpkg/issues/8781#issuecomment-547248760

部分诊断：https: //github.com/microsoft/vcpkg/issues/8781#issuecomment-547248760

It seems that upgrading from one MacOS version to another either uninstalls some dev tools or it moves them to another path, and this breaks compatibility with any tool using the environment variable that points to the old location where the tools were located.

似乎从一个 MacOS 版本升级到另一个版本会卸载一些开发工具，或者将它们移动到另一条路径，这会破坏与使用指向工具所在旧位置的环境变量的任何工具的兼容性。

sudo xcode-select --install

Using the install command worked for me, but it is not clear whether this simply downloaded and unpacked files and then skipped installation and simply updated an environment variable or whether it physically installed the files at the expected path. (Or it could have made links to the new folder path).

使用安装命令对我有用，但不清楚这是否只是下载并解压文件然后跳过安装并简单地更新环境变量，或者是否将文件物理安装在预期路径上。（或者它可能已经链接到新文件夹路径）。

Testing my theory, I probe the folder structure with ls(I should have done this before using the install command):

测试我的理论，我探测文件夹结构ls（我应该在使用 install 命令之前完成此操作）：

rej@Ryans-MacBook-Air:~$ ls /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin/
rej@Ryans-MacBook-Air:~$ ls -la /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin/
total 243776
drwxr-xr-x  124 root  wheel   3.9K Oct 28 23:03 ./
drwxr-xr-x    7 root  admin   224B Oct 28 23:05 ../
lrwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel    64B Oct 28 23:03 2to3@ -> ../../Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.7/bin/2to3
lrwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel    68B Oct 28 23:03 2to3-3.7@ -> ../../Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.7/bin/2to3-3.7
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel   116K Sep  5 22:51 DeRez*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel    31K Sep  5 22:51 GetFileInfo*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel    33K Sep  5 22:51 ResMerger*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel   126K Sep  5 22:51 Rez*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel    31K Sep  5 22:51 SetFile*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel    32K Sep  5 22:51 SplitForks*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel    41K Sep  5 22:51 ar*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel    40K Sep  5 22:51 as*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel    27K Sep  5 22:51 asa*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel   216K Sep  5 22:51 bison*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel   159K Sep  5 22:51 bitcode_strip*
lrwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel     5B Oct 28 23:03 c++@ -> clang
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  admin    31K Sep  5 22:51 c89*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  admin    31K Sep  5 22:51 c99*
lrwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel     5B Oct 28 23:03 cc@ -> clang
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel    80M Sep  5 22:51 clang*
lrwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel     5B Oct 28 23:03 clang++@ -> clang
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel   125K Sep  5 22:51 cmpdylib*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel   154K Sep  5 22:51 codesign_allocate*
lrwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel    17B Oct 28 23:03 codesign_allocate-p@ -> codesign_allocate
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  admin   3.3K Aug 16 06:55 cpp*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel    36K Sep  5 22:51 ctags*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel   150K Sep  5 22:51 ctf_insert*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel    30M Sep  5 22:51 dsymutil*
lrwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel    14B Oct 28 23:03 dwarfdump@ -> llvm-dwarfdump
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel   477K Sep  5 22:51 dwarfdump-classic*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel   211K Sep  5 22:51 dyldinfo*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel   239B Sep  5 19:18 easy_install-3.7*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel   572K Sep  5 22:51 flex*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel   572K Sep  5 22:51 flex++*
lrwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel     3B Oct 28 23:03 g++@ -> gcc
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel   101K Aug 16 07:31 gatherheaderdoc*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  admin    27K Sep  5 22:51 gcc*
lrwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel     8B Oct 28 23:03 gcov@ -> llvm-cov
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel   2.4M Sep  5 22:51 git*
lrwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel     3B Oct 28 23:03 git-receive-pack@ -> git
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel   1.4M Sep  5 22:51 git-shell*
lrwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel     3B Oct 28 23:03 git-upload-archive@ -> git
lrwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel     3B Oct 28 23:03 git-upload-pack@ -> git
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel   148K Sep  5 22:51 gm4*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel   166K Sep  5 22:51 gnumake*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel    98K Sep  5 22:51 gperf*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel    33K Sep  5 22:51 hdxml2manxml*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel   158K Aug 16 07:31 headerdoc2html*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel    73K Sep  5 22:51 indent*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel   142K Sep  5 22:51 install_name_tool*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel   2.5M Sep  5 22:51 ld*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel   230B Aug 16 07:13 lex*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel   163K Sep  5 22:51 libtool*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel    73K Sep  5 22:51 lipo*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel   332K Sep  5 22:51 lldb*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel   3.6M Sep  5 22:51 llvm-cov*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel   7.9M Sep  5 22:51 llvm-dwarfdump*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel   9.8M Sep  5 22:51 llvm-nm*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel    11M Sep  5 22:51 llvm-objdump*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel    40K Sep  5 22:51 llvm-otool*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel   1.6M Sep  5 22:51 llvm-profdata*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel   2.9M Sep  5 22:51 llvm-size*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel   3.5K Aug 16 07:19 lorder*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel   148K Sep  5 22:51 m4*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel   166K Sep  5 22:51 make*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel   7.7K Aug 16 07:16 mig*
lrwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel     7B Oct 28 23:03 nm@ -> llvm-nm
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel   142K Sep  5 22:51 nm-classic*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel   171K Sep  5 22:51 nmedit*
lrwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel    12B Oct 28 23:03 objdump@ -> llvm-objdump
lrwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel    10B Oct 28 23:03 otool@ -> llvm-otool
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel   644K Sep  5 22:51 otool-classic*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel   138K Sep  5 22:51 pagestuff*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel   221B Sep  5 19:18 pip3*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel   221B Sep  5 19:18 pip3.7*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel    32K Sep  5 22:51 projectInfo*
lrwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel    66B Oct 28 23:03 pydoc3@ -> ../../Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.7/bin/pydoc3
lrwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel    68B Oct 28 23:03 pydoc3.7@ -> ../../Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.7/bin/pydoc3.7
lrwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel    67B Oct 28 23:03 python3@ -> ../../Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.7/bin/python3
lrwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel    74B Oct 28 23:03 python3-config@ -> ../../Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.7/bin/python3-config
lrwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel    69B Oct 28 23:03 python3.7@ -> ../../Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.7/bin/python3.7
lrwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel    76B Oct 28 23:03 python3.7-config@ -> ../../Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.7/bin/python3.7-config
lrwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel    70B Oct 28 23:03 python3.7m@ -> ../../Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.7/bin/python3.7m
lrwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel    77B Oct 28 23:03 python3.7m-config@ -> ../../Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.7/bin/python3.7m-config
lrwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel    66B Oct 28 23:03 pyvenv@ -> ../../Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.7/bin/pyvenv
lrwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel    70B Oct 28 23:03 pyvenv-3.7@ -> ../../Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.7/bin/pyvenv-3.7
lrwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel     7B Oct 28 23:03 ranlib@ -> libtool
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel    70K Sep  5 22:51 resolveLinks*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel    85K Sep  5 22:51 rpcgen*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel    56K Sep  5 22:51 segedit*
lrwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel    12B Oct 28 23:03 size@ -> size-classic
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel   125K Sep  5 22:51 size-classic*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  admin   138K Sep  5 22:51 stapler*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel   126K Sep  5 22:51 strings*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel   179K Sep  5 22:51 strip*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel   330K Sep  5 22:51 svn*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel   118K Sep  5 22:51 svnadmin*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel   105K Sep  5 22:51 svnbench*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel    64K Sep  5 22:51 svndumpfilter*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel    71K Sep  5 22:51 svnfsfs*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel    98K Sep  5 22:51 svnlook*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel    70K Sep  5 22:51 svnmucc*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel    89K Sep  5 22:51 svnrdump*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel   122K Sep  5 22:51 svnserve*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel    90K Sep  5 22:51 svnsync*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel    44K Sep  5 22:51 svnversion*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel    90M Sep  5 22:51 swift*
lrwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel     5B Oct 28 23:03 swift-autolink-extract@ -> swift
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  admin   6.1M Sep  5 22:51 swift-build*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  admin   734K Sep  5 22:51 swift-build-tool*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel   687K Sep  5 22:51 swift-demangle*
lrwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel     5B Oct 28 23:03 swift-format@ -> swift
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  admin   6.1M Sep  5 22:51 swift-package*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  admin   6.1M Sep  5 22:51 swift-run*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel    61K Sep  5 22:51 swift-stdlib-tool*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  admin   6.1M Sep  5 22:51 swift-test*
lrwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel     5B Oct 28 23:03 swiftc@ -> swift
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel    12M Sep  5 22:51 tapi*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel    41K Sep  5 22:51 unifdef*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel   2.9K Aug 16 07:19 unifdefall*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel    63K Sep  5 22:51 unwinddump*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel    49K Sep  5 22:51 vtool*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel    45K Sep  5 22:51 xml2man*
-rwxr-xr-x    1 root  wheel   135B Aug 16 07:22 yacc*

It is apparent that the files are physically located at that folder location and the installer installed missing components. The fact that MacOS's upgrade process uninstalls my development environment is unfriendly and Apple should be reprimanded.

很明显，这些文件实际上位于该文件夹位置，并且安装程序安装了缺少的组件。MacOS 的升级过程卸载了我的开发环境的事实是不友好的，Apple 应该受到谴责。