Python 如何消除matplotlib中子图之间的间隙？
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How to remove gaps between subplots in matplotlib?
提问by user3006135
The code below produces gaps between the subplots. How do I remove the gaps between the subplots and make the image a tight grid?
下面的代码在子图之间产生间隙。如何消除子图之间的间隙并使图像成为紧密网格？
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
for i in range(16):
i = i + 1
ax1 = plt.subplot(4, 4, i)
plt.axis('on')
ax1.set_xticklabels([])
ax1.set_yticklabels([])
ax1.set_aspect('equal')
plt.subplots_adjust(wspace=None, hspace=None)
plt.show()
采纳答案by Molly
You can use gridspecto control the spacing between axes. There's more informationhere.
您可以使用gridspec来控制轴之间的间距。这里有更多信息。
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.gridspec as gridspec
plt.figure(figsize = (4,4))
gs1 = gridspec.GridSpec(4, 4)
gs1.update(wspace=0.025, hspace=0.05) # set the spacing between axes.
for i in range(16):
# i = i + 1 # grid spec indexes from 0
ax1 = plt.subplot(gs1[i])
plt.axis('on')
ax1.set_xticklabels([])
ax1.set_yticklabels([])
ax1.set_aspect('equal')
plt.show()
回答by CT Zhu
Have you tried plt.tight_layout()?
你试过plt.tight_layout()吗？
with plt.tight_layout()without it:
有plt.tight_layout()没有它：
Or: something like this (use add_axes)
或者：像这样（使用add_axes）
left=[0.1,0.3,0.5,0.7]
width=[0.2,0.2, 0.2, 0.2]
rectLS=[]
for x in left:
for y in left:
rectLS.append([x, y, 0.2, 0.2])
axLS=[]
fig=plt.figure()
axLS.append(fig.add_axes(rectLS[0]))
for i in [1,2,3]:
axLS.append(fig.add_axes(rectLS[i],sharey=axLS[-1]))
axLS.append(fig.add_axes(rectLS[4]))
for i in [1,2,3]:
axLS.append(fig.add_axes(rectLS[i+4],sharex=axLS[i],sharey=axLS[-1]))
axLS.append(fig.add_axes(rectLS[8]))
for i in [5,6,7]:
axLS.append(fig.add_axes(rectLS[i+4],sharex=axLS[i],sharey=axLS[-1]))
axLS.append(fig.add_axes(rectLS[12]))
for i in [9,10,11]:
axLS.append(fig.add_axes(rectLS[i+4],sharex=axLS[i],sharey=axLS[-1]))
If you don't need to share axes, then simply axLS=map(fig.add_axes, rectLS)
如果您不需要共享轴，那么只需 axLS=map(fig.add_axes, rectLS)
回答by Thucydides411
The problem is the use of aspect='equal', which prevents the subplots from stretching to an arbitrary aspect ratio and filling up all the empty space.
问题是使用aspect='equal'，它可以防止子图拉伸到任意纵横比并填满所有空白空间。
Normally, this would work:
通常，这会起作用：
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
ax = [plt.subplot(2,2,i+1) for i in range(4)]
for a in ax:
a.set_xticklabels([])
a.set_yticklabels([])
plt.subplots_adjust(wspace=0, hspace=0)
The result is this:
结果是这样的：
However, with aspect='equal', as in the following code:
但是，使用aspect='equal'，如下面的代码所示：
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
ax = [plt.subplot(2,2,i+1) for i in range(4)]
for a in ax:
a.set_xticklabels([])
a.set_yticklabels([])
a.set_aspect('equal')
plt.subplots_adjust(wspace=0, hspace=0)
This is what we get:
这是我们得到的：
The difference in this second case is that you've forced the x- and y-axes to have the same number of units/pixel. Since the axes go from 0 to 1 by default (i.e., before you plot anything), using aspect='equal'forces each axis to be a square. Since the figure is not a square, pyplot adds in extra spacing between the axes horizontally.
第二种情况的不同之处在于您已强制 x 轴和 y 轴具有相同数量的单位/像素。由于默认情况下轴从 0 到 1（即，在绘制任何内容之前），因此使用aspect='equal'强制每个轴为正方形。由于图形不是正方形，因此 pyplot 在水平轴之间增加了额外的间距。
To get around this problem, you can set your figure to have the correct aspect ratio. We're going to use the object-oriented pyplot interface here, which I consider to be superior in general:
要解决此问题，您可以将图形设置为具有正确的纵横比。我们将在这里使用面向对象的 pyplot 接口，我认为它总体上是优越的：
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(8,8)) # Notice the equal aspect ratio
ax = [fig.add_subplot(2,2,i+1) for i in range(4)]
for a in ax:
a.set_xticklabels([])
a.set_yticklabels([])
a.set_aspect('equal')
fig.subplots_adjust(wspace=0, hspace=0)
Here's the result:
结果如下：
回答by Herpes Free Engineer
Without resorting gridspecentirely, the following might also be used to remove the gaps by setting wspaceand hspaceto zero:
在不完全使用gridspec的情况下，以下内容也可用于通过将wspace和hspace设置为零来消除间隙：
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.clf()
f, axarr = plt.subplots(4, 4, gridspec_kw = {'wspace':0, 'hspace':0})
for i, ax in enumerate(f.axes):
ax.grid('on', linestyle='--')
ax.set_xticklabels([])
ax.set_yticklabels([])
plt.show()
plt.close()
Resulting in:
导致：
回答by Michel de Ruiter
With recent matplotlib versions you might want to try Constrained Layout. This does not work with plt.subplot()however, so you need to use plt.subplots()instead:
使用最近的 matplotlib 版本，您可能想尝试Constrained Layout。plt.subplot()但是，这不起作用，因此您需要plt.subplots()改用：
fig, axs = plt.subplots(4, 4, constrained_layout=True)
