匹配任何字符，包括 Python 正则表达式子表达式中的换行符，而不是全局
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matching any character including newlines in a Python regex subexpression, not globally
提问by Jason S
I want to use re.MULTILINEbut NOTre.DOTALL, so that I can have a regex that includes both an "any character" wildcard and the normal .wildcard that doesn't match newlines.
我想使用re.MULTILINE但NOTre.DOTALL，以便我可以拥有一个包含“任何字符”通配符和.不匹配换行符的普通通配符的正则表达式。
Is there a way to do this? What should I use to match any character in those instances that I want to include newlines?
有没有办法做到这一点？在我想要包含换行符的那些实例中，我应该使用什么来匹配任何字符？
采纳答案by Wiktor Stribi?ew
To match a newline, or "any symbol" without re.S/re.DOTALL, you may use any of the following:
要匹配换行符或不带re.S/ 的“任何符号” re.DOTALL，您可以使用以下任何一种：
[\s\S]
[\w\W]
[\d\D]
The main idea is that the opposite shorthand classes inside a character class match any symbol there is in the input string.
主要思想是字符类中的相反速记类匹配输入字符串中的任何符号。
Comparing it to (.|\s)and other variations with alternation, the character class solution is much more efficient as it involves much less backtracking (when used with a *or +quantifier). Compare the small example: it takes (?:.|\n)+45 steps to complete, and it takes [\s\S]+just 2 steps.
将它(.|\s)与具有交替的其他变体进行比较，字符类解决方案效率更高，因为它涉及的回溯要少得多（与 a*或+量词一起使用时）。对比一下小例子：需要(?:.|\n)+45步才能完成，只需要[\s\S]+2步。
