Linux 意外标记附近的语法错误 - bash
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syntax error near unexpected token ' - bash
提问by user3155779
I have a written a sample script on my Mac
我在 Mac 上编写了一个示例脚本
#!/bin/bash
test() {
echo "Example"
}
test
exit 0
and this works fine by displaying Example
这通过显示示例可以正常工作
When I run this script on a RedHat machine, it says
当我在 RedHat 机器上运行这个脚本时，它说
syntax error near unexpected token '
意外标记附近的语法错误'
I checked that bash is available using
我检查了 bash 是否可用
cat /etc/shells
which bash shows /bin/bash
Did anyone come across the same issue ?
有没有人遇到过同样的问题？
Thanks in advance !
提前致谢 ！
采纳答案by jdt
It could be a file encoding issue.
可能是文件编码问题。
I have encountered file type encoding issues when working on files between different operating systems and editors - in my case particularly between Linux and Windows systems.
在不同操作系统和编辑器之间处理文件时，我遇到了文件类型编码问题 - 在我的情况下，尤其是在 Linux 和 Windows 系统之间。
I suggest checking your file's encoding to make sure it is suitable for the target linux environment. I guess an encoding issue is less likely given you are using a MAC than if you had used a Windows text editor, however I think file encoding is still worth considering.
我建议检查文件的编码以确保它适合目标 linux 环境。我想编码问题的可能性较小，因为您使用的是 MAC，而不是使用 Windows 文本编辑器，但是我认为文件编码仍然值得考虑。
--- EDIT (Add an actual solution as recommended by @Potatoswatter)
To demonstrate how file type encoding could be this issue, I copy/pasted your example script into Notepad in Windows (I don't have access to a Mac), then copied it to a linux machine and ran it:
--- 编辑（添加@Potatoswatter 推荐的实际解决方案）
为了演示文件类型编码如何成为这个问题，我将您的示例脚本复制/粘贴到 Windows 中的记事本中（我无法访问 Mac），然后将它复制到一台 linux 机器并运行它：
jdt@cookielin01:~/windows> sh ./originalfile
./originalfile: line 2: syntax error near unexpected token `$'{\r''
'/originalfile: line 2: `test() {
In this case, Notepad saved the file with carriage returns and linefeeds, causing the error shown above. The \rindicates a carriage return (Linux systems terminate lines with linefeeds \nonly).
在这种情况下，记事本保存了带有回车和换行符的文件，导致了如上所示的错误。该\r表示回车（Linux系统终止换行符行\n只）。
On the linux machine, you could test this theory by running the following to strip carriage returns from the file, if they are present:
在 linux 机器上，您可以通过运行以下命令来测试该理论，以从文件中删除回车（如果存在）：
cat originalfile | tr -d "\r" > newfile
Then try to run the new file sh ./newfile. If this works, the issue was carriage returns as hidden characters.
然后尝试运行新文件sh ./newfile。如果这有效，问题是回车作为隐藏字符。
Note:This is not an exact replication of your environment (I don't have access to a Mac), however it seems likely to me that the issue is that an editor, somewhere, saved carriage returns into the file.
注意：这不是您环境的精确复制（我无法访问 Mac），但是在我看来，问题似乎是某个编辑器将回车符保存到文件中。
--- /EDIT
- - /编辑
To elaborate a little, operating systems and editors can have different file encoding defaults. Typically, applications and editors will influence the filetype encoding used, for instance, I think Microsoft Notepad and Notepad++ default to Windows-1252. There may be newline differences to consider too (In Windows environments, a carriage return and linefeed is often used to terminate lines in files, whilst in Linux and OSX, only a Linefeed is usually used).
详细说明一下，操作系统和编辑器可以有不同的文件编码默认值。通常，应用程序和编辑器会影响使用的文件类型编码，例如，我认为 Microsoft Notepad 和 Notepad++ 默认为 Windows-1252。也可能需要考虑换行符的差异（在 Windows 环境中，通常使用回车和换行符来终止文件中的行，而在 Linux 和 OSX 中，通常只使用换行符）。
A similar question and answer that references file encoding is here: bad character showing up in bash script execution
参考文件编码的类似问题和答案在这里：bad character shows up in bash script execution
回答by kartonnade
Thanks @jdt for your answer.
感谢@jdt 的回答。
Following that, and since I keep having this issue with carriage return, I wrote that small script. Only run carriage_returnand you'll be prompted for the file to "clean".
之后，由于我一直遇到回车问题，所以我写了那个小脚本。只运行carriage_return，系统会提示您“清理”文件。
https://gist.github.com/kartonnade/44e9842ed15cf21a3700
https://gist.github.com/kartonnade/44e9842ed15cf21a3700
alias carriage_return=remove_carriage_return
remove_carriage_return(){
# cygwin throws error like :
# syntax error near unexpected token `$'{\r''
# due to carriage return
# this function runs the following
# cat originalfile | tr -d "\r" > newfile
read -p "File to clean ? "
file_to_clean=$REPLY
temp_file_to_clean=$file_to_clean'_'
# file to clean => temporary clean file
remove_carriage_return_one='cat '$file_to_clean' | tr -d "\r" > '
remove_carriage_return_one=$remove_carriage_return_one$temp_file_to_clean
# temporary clean file => new clean file
remove_carriage_return_two='cat '$temp_file_to_clean' | tr -d "\r" > '
remove_carriage_return_two=$remove_carriage_return_two$file_to_clean
eval $remove_carriage_return_one
eval $remove_carriage_return_two
# remove temporary clean file
eval 'rm '$temp_file_to_clean
}
}
回答by Amos Folarin
try something like
尝试类似
$ sudo apt-get install dos2unix
$ dos2unix offendingfile
回答by JAR
Easy way to convert example.shfile to UNIXif you are working in Windows is to use NotePad++ (Edit>EOL Conversion>UNIX/OSX Format)
如果您在 Windows 中工作，将example.sh文件转换为的简单方法UNIX是使用 NotePad++（编辑>EOL 转换>UNIX/OSX 格式）
You can also set the default EOL in notepad++ (Settings>Preferences>New Document/Default Directory>select Unix/OSX under the Format box)
也可以在notepad++中设置默认EOL（设置>首选项>新建文档/默认目录>在格式框下选择Unix/OSX）
回答by traceformula
I want to add to the answer aboveis how to check if it is carriage return issue in Unix like environment(I tested in MacOS)
我想补充上面的答案是如何在类Unix环境中检查它是否是回车问题（我在MacOS中测试过）
1) Using cat
1) 使用猫
cat -e my_file_name
If you see the lines ended with ^M$, then yes, it is the carriage return issue.
如果您看到以 结尾的行^M$，那么是的，这是回车问题。
2) Find first line with carriage return character
2) 找到第一行回车符
grep -r $'\r' Grader.sh | head -1
3) Using vim
3）使用vim
vim my_file_name
Then in vim, type
然后在vim中输入
:set ff
If you see fileformat=dos, then the file is from a dos environment which contains a carriage return.
如果您看到fileformat=dos，则该文件来自包含回车符的 dos 环境。
After finding out, you can use the above mentioned methods by other people to correct your file.
找到后，您可以使用其他人的上述方法来更正您的文件。
回答by Digital_affection
I had the same problem when i was working with armbian linux and Windows . i was trying to coppy my codes from windows to armbian and when i run it this Error Pops Up. My problem Solved this way : 1- try to Coppy your files from windows using WinSCP . 2- make sure that your file name does not have () characters
我在使用 armbian linux 和 Windows 时遇到了同样的问题。我试图将我的代码从 windows 复制到 armbian，当我运行它时，这个错误弹出。我的问题以这种方式解决：1-尝试使用 WinSCP 从 Windows 复制文件。2- 确保您的文件名没有 () 字符
