Linux sed 初学者：更改文件夹中的所有事件
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sed beginner: changing all occurrences in a folder
提问by nickf
I need to do a regex find and replace on all the files in a folder (and its subfolders). What would be the linux shell command to do that?
我需要对文件夹（及其子文件夹）中的所有文件进行正则表达式查找和替换。什么是 linux shell 命令来做到这一点？
For example, I want to run this over all the files and overwrite the old file with the new, replaced text.
例如，我想在所有文件上运行它并用新的替换文本覆盖旧文件。
sed 's/old text/new text/g'
采纳答案by osantana
There is no way to do it using only sed. You'll need to use at least the find utility together:
仅使用 sed 无法做到这一点。您至少需要一起使用 find 实用程序：
find . -type f -exec sed -i.bak "s/foo/bar/g" {} \;
This command will create a .bakfile for each changed file.
此命令将为.bak每个更改的文件创建一个文件。
Notes:
笔记：
- The
-iargument forsedcommand is a GNU extension, so, if you are running this command with the BSD'ssedyou will need to redirect the output to a new file then rename it. - The
findutility does not implement the-execargument in old UNIX boxes, so, you will need to use a| xargsinstead.
- command的
-i参数sed是 GNU 扩展，因此，如果您使用 BSD 运行此命令，sed则需要将输出重定向到一个新文件，然后重命名它。 - 该
find实用程序不会-exec在旧的 UNIX 机器中实现该参数，因此，您需要使用 a| xargs来代替。
回答by paxdiablo
Might I suggest (after backing up your files):
我可以建议（备份文件后）：
find /the/folder -type f -exec sed -ibak 's/old/new/g' {} ';'
回答by chaos
Might want to try my mass search/replace Perl script. Has some advantages over chained-utility solutions (like not having to deal with multiple levels of shell metacharacter interpretation).
可能想尝试我的批量搜索/替换 Perl 脚本。与链式实用程序解决方案相比具有一些优势（例如不必处理多个级别的 shell 元字符解释）。
#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use Fcntl qw( :DEFAULT :flock :seek );
use File::Spec;
use IO::Handle;
die "Usage: find /the/folder -type f -exec overwrite '{}' sed 's/old/new/g' {} ';'
startdir search replace\n"
unless scalar @ARGV == 3;
my $startdir = shift @ARGV || '.';
my $search = shift @ARGV or
die "Search parameter cannot be empty.\n";
my $replace = shift @ARGV;
$search = qr/\Q$search\E/o;
my @stack;
sub process_file($) {
my $file = shift;
my $fh = new IO::Handle;
sysopen $fh, $file, O_RDONLY or
die "Cannot read $file: $!\n";
my $found;
while(my $line = <$fh>) {
if($line =~ /$search/) {
$found = 1;
last;
}
}
if($found) {
print " Processing in $file\n";
seek $fh, 0, SEEK_SET;
my @file = <$fh>;
foreach my $line (@file) {
$line =~ s/$search/$replace/g;
}
close $fh;
sysopen $fh, $file, O_WRONLY | O_TRUNC or
die "Cannot write $file: $!\n";
print $fh @file;
}
close $fh;
}
sub process_dir($) {
my $dir = shift;
my $dh = new IO::Handle;
print "Entering $dir\n";
opendir $dh, $dir or
die "Cannot open $dir: $!\n";
while(defined(my $cont = readdir($dh))) {
next
if $cont eq '.' || $cont eq '..';
# Skip .swap files
next
if $cont =~ /^\.swap\./o;
my $fullpath = File::Spec->catfile($dir, $cont);
if($cont =~ /$search/) {
my $newcont = $cont;
$newcont =~ s/$search/$replace/g;
print " Renaming $cont to $newcont\n";
rename $fullpath, File::Spec->catfile($dir, $newcont);
$cont = $newcont;
$fullpath = File::Spec->catfile($dir, $cont);
}
if(-l $fullpath) {
my $link = readlink($fullpath);
if($link =~ /$search/) {
my $newlink = $link;
$newlink =~ s/$search/$replace/g;
print " Relinking $cont from $link to $newlink\n";
unlink $fullpath;
my $res = symlink($newlink, $fullpath);
warn "Symlink of $newlink to $fullpath failed\n"
unless $res;
}
}
next
unless -r $fullpath && -w $fullpath;
if(-d $fullpath) {
push @stack, $fullpath;
} elsif(-f $fullpath) {
process_file($fullpath);
}
}
closedir($dh);
}
if(-f $startdir) {
process_file($startdir);
} elsif(-d $startdir) {
@stack = ($startdir);
while(scalar(@stack)) {
process_dir(shift(@stack));
}
} else {
die "$startdir is not a file or directory\n";
}
回答by Norman Ramsey
For portability, I don't rely on features of sed that are specific to linux or BSD. Instead I use the overwritescript from Kernighan and Pike's book on the Unix Programming Environment.
为了可移植性，我不依赖特定于 linux 或 BSD 的 sed 功能。相反，我使用overwriteKernighan 和 Pike 关于 Unix 编程环境的书中的脚本。
The command is then
然后命令是
#!/bin/sh
# overwrite: copy standard input to output after EOF
# (final version)
# set -x
case $# in
0|1) echo 'Usage: overwrite file cmd [args]' 1>&2; exit 2
esac
file=; shift
new=/tmp/$$.new; old=/tmp/$$.old
trap 'rm -f $new; exit 1' 1 2 15 # clean up files
if "$@" >$new # collect input
then
cp $file $old # save original file
trap 'trap "" 1 2 15; cp $old $file # ignore signals
rm -f $new $old; exit 1' 1 2 15 # during restore
cp $new $file
else
echo "overwrite: failed, $file unchanged" 1>&2
exit 1
fi
rm -f $new $old
And the overwritescript (which I use all over the place) is
和overwrite脚本（这是我使用所有的地方）是
sed 's/old/new/g' file > file # THIS CODE DOES NOT WORK
The idea is that it overwrites a file only if a command succeeds. Useful in findand also where you would not want to use
这个想法是只有在命令成功时它才会覆盖文件。find在您不想使用的地方以及在您不想使用的地方很有用
find . -type f -name "*.txt" -print0 | xargs -0 sed -i "s/foo/bar/g"
because the shell truncates the file before sedcan read it.
因为外壳在sed读取文件之前会截断文件。
回答by Dennis
I prefer to use find | xargs cmdover find -execbecause it's easier to remember.
我更喜欢使用find | xargs cmdoverfind -exec因为它更容易记住。
This example globally replaces "foo" with "bar" in .txt files at or below your current directory:
此示例在当前目录或低于当前目录的 .txt 文件中将“foo”全局替换为“bar”：
for i in {1..10000..100}; do sed 'old\new\g' 'file'$i.xml > 'cfile'$i.xml; done
The -print0and -0options can be left out if your filenames do not contain funky characters such as spaces.
该-print0和-0选项可以被排除在外，如果你的文件名不包含时髦的字符，如空格。
回答by tereza
In case the name of files in folder has some regular names (like file1, file2...) I have used for cycle.
如果文件夹中的文件名有一些常规名称（如 file1、file2...），我已用于循环。
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