如何在 Linux 中获取文件创建日期？
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How to get file creation date in Linux?
提问by Srv19
I am working with batches of files that contain information about the same object at the different times of its life, and the only way to order them is by creation date. I was using this:
我正在处理一批文件，这些文件包含同一对象在其生命周期的不同时间的信息，唯一的排序方法是按创建日期。我正在使用这个：
//char* buffer has the name of file
struct stat buf;
FILE *tf;
tf = fopen(buffer,"r");
//check handle
fstat(tf, &buf);
fclose(tf);
pMyObj->lastchanged=buf.st_mtime;
But that does not seems to work. What am I doing wrong? Are there other, more reliable/simple ways to get file creation date under Linux?
但这似乎不起作用。我究竟做错了什么？在 Linux 下还有其他更可靠/更简单的方法来获取文件创建日期吗？
采纳答案by Mel
fstat works on file descriptors, not FILE structures. The simplest version:
fstat 适用于文件描述符，而不是 FILE 结构。最简单的版本：
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#ifdef HAVE_ST_BIRTHTIME
#define birthtime(x) x.st_birthtime
#else
#define birthtime(x) x.st_ctime
#endif
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
struct stat st;
size_t i;
for( i=1; i<argc; i++ )
{
if( stat(argv[i], &st) != 0 )
perror(argv[i]);
printf("%i\n", birthtime(st));
}
return 0;
}
You will need to figure out if your system has st_birthtime in its stat structure by inspecting sys/stat.h or using some kind of autoconf construct.
您需要通过检查 sys/stat.h 或使用某种 autoconf 构造来确定您的系统的 stat 结构中是否有 st_birthtime。
回答by Code Painters
File creation time is not stored anywhere, you can only retrieve one of the following:
文件创建时间不会存储在任何地方，您只能检索以下其中一项：
time_t st_atime; /* time of last access */
time_t st_mtime; /* time of last modification */
time_t st_ctime; /* time of last status change */
Your code should give you the last modification time, however. Note: you can use stat()instead of fstat()without opening the file (stat()takes the file name as param).
但是，您的代码应该为您提供最后修改时间。注意：您可以使用stat()而不是fstat()不打开文件（stat()以文件名作为参数）。
回答by Jonathan Leffler
The nearest approximation to 'creation date' is the st_ctimemember in the struct stat, but that actually records the last time the inode changed. If you create the file and never modify its size or permissions, that works as a creation time. Otherwise, there is no record of when the file was created, at least in standard Unix systems.
与“创建日期”最接近的近似值是 中的st_ctime成员struct stat，但它实际上记录了 inode 上次更改的时间。如果您创建文件并且从不修改其大小或权限，则这作为创建时间。否则，至少在标准 Unix 系统中，没有文件创建时间的记录。
For your purposes, sort by st_mtime...or get the files named with a timestamp in the name.
出于您的目的，按st_mtime...排序或获取名称中带有时间戳的文件。
Note that if you are on Darwin (Mac OS X), the creation time is available. From the man page for stat(2):
请注意，如果您使用的是 Darwin (Mac OS X)，则创建时间可用。从手册页stat(2)：
However, when the macro
_DARWIN_FEATURE_64_BIT_INODEis defined, the stat structure will now be defined as:
但是，当
_DARWIN_FEATURE_64_BIT_INODE定义宏时，stat 结构现在将定义为：
struct stat { /* when _DARWIN_FEATURE_64_BIT_INODE is defined */
dev_t st_dev; /* ID of device containing file */
mode_t st_mode; /* Mode of file (see below) */
nlink_t st_nlink; /* Number of hard links */
ino_t st_ino; /* File serial number */
uid_t st_uid; /* User ID of the file */
gid_t st_gid; /* Group ID of the file */
dev_t st_rdev; /* Device ID */
struct timespec st_atimespec; /* time of last access */
struct timespec st_mtimespec; /* time of last data modification */
struct timespec st_ctimespec; /* time of last status change */
struct timespec st_birthtimespec; /* time of file creation(birth) */
off_t st_size; /* file size, in bytes */
blkcnt_t st_blocks; /* blocks allocated for file */
blksize_t st_blksize; /* optimal blocksize for I/O */
uint32_t st_flags; /* user defined flags for file */
uint32_t st_gen; /* file generation number */
int32_t st_lspare; /* RESERVED: DO NOT USE! */
int64_t st_qspare[2]; /* RESERVED: DO NOT USE! */
};
Note the st_birthtimespecfield. Note, too, that all the times are in struct timespecvalues, so there is sub-second timing (tv_nsecgives nanosecond resolution). POSIX 2008 <sys/stat.h>requires the struct timespectime keeping on the standard times; Darwin follows that.
注意st_birthtimespec字段。还要注意，所有时间都是struct timespec值，所以有亚tv_nsec秒级计时（给出纳秒分辨率）。POSIX 2008<sys/stat.h>要求struct timespec时间保持在标准时间上；达尔文遵循这一点。
回答by Sathish
To get the file creation date in linux, I use the following method
在linux中获取文件创建日期，我使用以下方法
root@sathishkumar# cat << _eof > test.txt
> Hello
> This is my test file
> _eof
root@sathishkumar# cat test.txt
Hello
This is my test file
root@sathishkumar# ls -i test.txt
2097517 test.txt
root@sathishkumar# debugfs -R 'stat <2097517>' /dev/sda5
Inode: 2097517 Type: regular Mode: 0664 Flags: 0x80000
Generation: 4245143992 Version: 0x00000000:00000001
User: 1000 Group: 1000 Size: 27
File ACL: 0 Directory ACL: 0
Links: 1 Blockcount: 8
Fragment: Address: 0 Number: 0 Size: 0
ctime: 0x50ea6d84:4826cc94 -- Mon Jan 7 12:09:00 2013
atime: 0x50ea6d8e:75ed8a04 -- Mon Jan 7 12:09:10 2013
mtime: 0x50ea6d84:4826cc94 -- Mon Jan 7 12:09:00 2013
crtime: 0x5056d493:bbabf49c -- Mon Sep 17 13:13:15 2012
Size of extra inode fields: 28
EXTENTS:
(0):8421789
atime: Last time file was opened or executed
atime：上次打开或执行文件的时间
ctime: Time the inode information was updated. ctime also gets updated when file is modified
ctime：更新 inode 信息的时间。当文件被修改时，ctime 也会更新
mtime: Last modified time
mtime：最后修改时间
crtime: File creation time
crtime：文件创建时间
