bash 在 shell 中的一行中运行多个命令
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Running multiple commands in one line in shell
提问by John Redyns
Say I have a file /templates/appleand I want to
说我有一个文件/templates/apple，我想
- put it in two different places and then
- remove the original.
- 把它放在两个不同的地方，然后
- 取出原件。
So, /templates/applewill be copied to /templates/usedAND /templates/inuseand then after that I'd like to remove the original.
所以，/templates/apple将被复制到/templates/usedAND /templates/inuse，然后我想删除原来的。
Is cpthe best way to do this, followed by rm? Or is there a better way?
是cp最好的方法，其次是rm？或者，还有更好的方法？
I want to do it all in one line so I'm thinking it would look something like:
我想在一行中完成所有操作，所以我认为它看起来像：
cp /templates/apple /templates/used | cp /templates/apple /templates/inuse | rm /templates/apple
Is this the correct syntax?
这是正确的语法吗？
回答by Maxim Egorushkin
You are using |(pipe) to direct the output of a command into another command. What you are looking for is &&operator to execute the next command only if the previous one succeeded:
您正在使用|(pipe) 将命令的输出定向到另一个命令。您正在寻找的是&&操作员仅在前一个命令成功时才执行下一个命令：
cp /templates/apple /templates/used && cp /templates/apple /templates/inuse && rm /templates/apple
Or
或者
cp /templates/apple /templates/used && mv /templates/apple /templates/inuse
To summarize (non-exhaustively) bash's command operators/separators:
总结（非详尽地）bash 的命令操作符/分隔符：
|pipes (pipelines) the standard output (stdout) of one command into the standard input of another one. Note thatstderrstill goes into its default destination, whatever that happen to be.|&pipes bothstdoutandstderrof one command into the standard input of another one. Very useful, available in bash version 4 and above.&&executes the right-hand command of&&only if the previous one succeeded.||executes the right-hand command of||only it the previous one failed.;executes the right-hand command of;always regardless whether the previous command succeeded or failed. Unlessset -ewas previously invoked, which causesbashto fail on an error.
|管道 (pipelines) 将stdout一个命令的标准输出 ( ) 连接到另一个命令的标准输入。请注意stderr，无论发生什么情况，它仍然会进入其默认目的地。|&将一个命令的stdout和管道传输stderr到另一个命令的标准输入中。非常有用，可在 bash 版本 4 及更高版本中使用。&&&&仅当前一个成功时才执行右侧的命令。||仅执行||前一个失败的右侧命令。;;无论前一个命令是成功还是失败，都执行always的右侧命令。除非set -e之前被调用，这会导致bash错误失败。
回答by Marc B
Why not cpto location 1, then mvto location 2. This takes care of "removing" the original.
为什么不到cp位置 1，然后mv到位置 2。这负责“删除”原始文件。
And no, it's not the correct syntax. |is used to "pipe" output from one program and turn it into input for the next program. What you want is ;, which seperates multiple commands.
不，这不是正确的语法。|用于从一个程序“管道”输出并将其转换为下一个程序的输入。你想要的是;，它分隔多个命令。
cp file1 file2 ; cp file1 file3 ; rm file1
If you require that the individual commands MUST succeed before the next can be started, then you'd use &&instead:
如果您要求单个命令必须成功才能启动下一个命令，那么您可以&&改用：
cp file1 file2 && cp file1 file3 && rm file1
That way, if either of the cpcommands fails, the rmwill not run.
这样，如果其中一个cp命令失败，rm则不会运行。
回答by glenn Hymanman
Note that cp A B; rm Ais exactly mv A B. It'll be faster too, as you don't have to actually copy the bytes (assuming the destination is on the same filesystem), just rename the file. So you want cp A B; mv A C
请注意，cp A B; rm A正是mv A B. 它也会更快，因为您不必实际复制字节（假设目标位于同一文件系统上），只需重命名文件即可。所以你要cp A B; mv A C
回答by Eyal Levin
Another option is typing Ctrl+VCtrl+Jat the end of each command.
另一种选择是Ctrl+VCtrl+J在每个命令的末尾键入。
Example (replace #with Ctrl+VCtrl+J):
示例（替换#为Ctrl+VCtrl+J）：
$ echo 1#
echo 2#
echo 3
Output:
输出：
1
2
3
This will execute the commands regardless if previous ones failed.
无论以前的命令是否失败，这都会执行命令。
Same as: echo 1; echo 2; echo 3
与...一样： echo 1; echo 2; echo 3
If you want to stop execution on failed commands, add &&at the end of each line except the last one.
如果要停止执行失败的命令，请&&在除最后一行之外的每一行末尾添加。
Example (replace #with Ctrl+VCtrl+J):
示例（替换#为Ctrl+VCtrl+J）：
$ echo 1 &&#
failed-command &&#
echo 2
Output:
输出：
1
failed-command: command not found
In zshyou can also use Alt+Enteror Esc+Enterinstead of Ctrl+VCtrl+J
在zsh你也可以使用Alt+Enter或Esc+Enter代替Ctrl+VCtrl+J
回答by Peter
Try this..
尝试这个..
cp /templates/apple /templates/used && cp /templates/apple /templates/inuse && rm /templates/apple
cp /templates/apple /templates/used && cp /templates/apple /templates/inuse && rm /templates/apple
回答by Renaud
Using pipes seems weird to me. Anyway you should use the logical andBash operator:
使用管道对我来说似乎很奇怪。无论如何，您应该使用逻辑andBash 运算符：
$ cp /templates/apple /templates/used && cp /templates/apple /templates/inuse && rm /templates/apples
If the cpcommands fail, the rmwill not be executed.
如果cp命令失败，rm则不会执行。
Or, you can make a more elaborated command line using a forloop and cmp.
或者，您可以使用for循环和cmp.
