windows 如何在Ruby中拆分目录字符串？
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How to split a directory string in Ruby?
提问by Andrew Grimm
In ruby, I'm able to do
在红宝石中，我能够做到
File.dirname("/home/gumby/bigproject/now_with_bugs_fixed/32/FOO_BAR_2096.results")
and get
并得到
"/home/gumby/bigproject/now_with_bugs_fixed/32"
but now I'd like to split up that directory string into the individual folder components, ie something like
但现在我想将该目录字符串拆分为各个文件夹组件，即类似于
["home", "gumby", "bigproject", "now_with_bugs_fixed", "32"]
Is there a way to do that other than using
除了使用之外，还有没有办法做到这一点
directory.split("/")[1:-1]
回答by Rok Kralj
The correct answer is to use Ruby's Pathname(in-built class since 1.8.7, not a gem).
正确的答案是使用 Ruby Pathname（自 1.8.7 以来的内置类，而不是 gem）。
See the code:
看代码：
require 'pathname'
def split_path(path)
Pathname(path).each_filename.to_a
end
Doing this will discard the information whether the path was absolute or relative. To detect this, you can call absolute?method on Pathname.
这样做将丢弃路径是绝对路径还是相对路径的信息。要检测到这一点，您可以absolute?在 上调用方法Pathname。
Source: https://ruby-doc.org/stdlib-2.3.3/libdoc/pathname/rdoc/Pathname.html
来源：https: //ruby-doc.org/stdlib-2.3.3/libdoc/pathname/rdoc/Pathname.html
回答by Rudd Zwolinski
There's no built-in function to split a path into its component directories like there is to join them, but you can try to fake it in a cross-platform way:
没有内置函数将路径拆分为其组件目录，就像加入它们一样，但您可以尝试以跨平台的方式伪造它：
directory_string.split(File::SEPARATOR)
This works with relative paths and on non-Unix platforms, but for a path that starts with "/"as the root directory, then you'll get an empty string as your first element in the array, and we'd want "/"instead.
这适用于相对路径和非 Unix 平台，但对于以"/"根目录开头的路径，您将获得一个空字符串作为数组中的第一个元素，而我们想要的是"/"。
directory_string.split(File::SEPARATOR).map {|x| x=="" ? File::SEPARATOR : x}
If you want just the directories without the root directory like you mentioned above, then you can change it to select from the first element on.
如果您只想要像上面提到的那样没有根目录的目录，那么您可以将其更改为从第一个元素开始选择。
directory_string.split(File::SEPARATOR).map {|x| x=="" ? File::SEPARATOR : x}[1..-1]
回答by James Moore
Rake provides a split_all method added to FileUtils. It's pretty simple and uses File.split:
Rake 提供了一个 split_all 方法添加到 FileUtils。它非常简单并使用 File.split：
def split_all(path) head, tail = File.split(path) return [tail] if head == '.' || tail == '/' return [head, tail] if head == '/' return split_all(head) + [tail] end taken from rake-0.9.2/lib/rake/file_utils.rb
The rake version has slightly different output from Rudd's code. Rake's version ignores multiple slashes:
rake 版本的输出与 Rudd 的代码略有不同。Rake 的版本忽略了多个斜杠：
irb(main):014:0> directory_string = "/foo/bar///../fn"
=> "/foo/bar///../fn"
irb(main):015:0> directory_string.split(File::SEPARATOR).map {|x| x=="" ? File::SEPARATOR : x}[1..-1]
=> ["foo", "bar", "/", "/", "..", "fn"]
irb(main):016:0> split_all directory_string
=> ["/", "foo", "bar", "..", "fn"]
irb(main):017:0>
回答by Rok Kralj
Warning: This solution is no longer the best one. See my other one.
警告：此解决方案不再是最好的解决方案。看我的另一个。
Actually, there is a more neat solution. The main idea is to keep popping the basename until you are only left with the .or /.
实际上，还有一个更巧妙的解决方案。主要思想是不断弹出基本名称，直到只剩下.or为止/。
def split_path(path)
array = []
until ['/', '.'].include? path
array << File.basename(path)
path = File.dirname(path)
end
array.reverse
end
split_path 'a/b/c/d' #=> ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
You can further build upon this idea, if you wish.
如果你愿意，你可以进一步建立在这个想法的基础上。
