C语言 C程序以查找给定日期的星期几
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C Program to find day of week given date
提问by theReverseFlick
Is there a way to find out day of the week given date in just one line of C code?
有没有办法在一行 C 代码中找出给定日期的星期几？
For example
例如
Given 19-05-2011(dd-mm-yyyy) gives me Thursday
鉴于 19-05-2011(dd-mm-yyyy) 给了我星期四
回答by Thats it.
As reported also by Wikipedia, in 1990 Michael Keith and Tom Craver published an expression to minimise the number of keystrokes needed to enter a self-contained function for converting a Gregorian date into a numerical day of the week.
正如Wikipedia所报道的，1990 年 Michael Keith 和 Tom Craver 发表了一个表达式，以最小化输入自包含函数所需的击键次数，以将公历日期转换为星期几。
The expression does preserve neither ynor d, and returns a zero-based index representing the day, starting with Sunday, i.e. if the day is Monday the expression returns 1.
该表达式既不保留y也不保留d，并返回一个从零开始的索引，该索引表示从星期日开始的一天，即如果这一天是星期一，则表达式返回1。
A code example which uses the expression follows:
使用该表达式的代码示例如下：
int d = 15 ; //Day 1-31
int m = 5 ; //Month 1-12`
int y = 2013 ; //Year 2013`
int weekday = (d += m < 3 ? y-- : y - 2, 23*m/9 + d + 4 + y/4- y/100 + y/400)%7;
The expression uses the comma operator, as discussed in this answer.
该表达式使用逗号运算符，如本答案中所述。
Enjoy! ;-)
享受！;-)
回答by maerics
A one-liner is unlikely, but the strptime functioncan be used to parse your date format and the struct tmargument can be queried for its tm_wdaymember on systems that modify those fields automatically(e.g. some glibc implementations).
单行是不太可能的，但strptime 函数可用于解析您的日期格式，并且struct tm可以在自动修改这些字段的系统（例如某些 glibc 实现）上查询其tm_wday成员的参数。
int get_weekday(char * str) {
struct tm tm;
memset((void *) &tm, 0, sizeof(tm));
if (strptime(str, "%d-%m-%Y", &tm) != NULL) {
time_t t = mktime(&tm);
if (t >= 0) {
return localtime(&t)->tm_wday; // Sunday=0, Monday=1, etc.
}
}
return -1;
}
Or you could encode these rules to do some arithmetic in a really long single line:
或者，您可以对这些规则进行编码，以在非常长的单行中进行一些算术运算：
- 1 Jan 1900 was a Monday.
- Thirty days has September, April, June and November; all the rest have thirty-one, saving February alone, which has twenty-eight, rain or shine, and on leap years, twenty-nine.
- A leap year occurs on any year evenly divisible by 4, but not on a century unless it is divisible by 400.
- 1900 年 1 月 1 日是星期一。
- 三十天有九月、四月、六月和十一月；其余的都是三十一，只有二月有二十八，风雨无阻，闰年有二十九。
- 闰年出现在任何能被 4 整除的年份，但除非能被 400 整除，否则不会出现在世纪。
EDIT:note that this solution only works for dates after the UNIX epoch (1970-01-01T00:00:00Z).
编辑：请注意，此解决方案仅适用于 UNIX 时代 (1970-01-01T00:00:00Z) 之后的日期。
回答by pmg
Here's a C99 version based on wikipedia's article about Julian Day
这是基于维基百科关于 Julian Day 的文章的 C99 版本
#include <stdio.h>
const char *wd(int year, int month, int day) {
/* using C99 compound literals in a single line: notice the splicing */
return ((const char *[]) \
{"Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday", \
"Thursday", "Friday", "Saturday", "Sunday"})[ \
( \
day \
+ ((153 * (month + 12 * ((14 - month) / 12) - 3) + 2) / 5) \
+ (365 * (year + 4800 - ((14 - month) / 12))) \
+ ((year + 4800 - ((14 - month) / 12)) / 4) \
- ((year + 4800 - ((14 - month) / 12)) / 100) \
+ ((year + 4800 - ((14 - month) / 12)) / 400) \
- 32045 \
) % 7];
}
int main(void) {
printf("%d-%02d-%02d: %s\n", 2011, 5, 19, wd(2011, 5, 19));
printf("%d-%02d-%02d: %s\n", 2038, 1, 19, wd(2038, 1, 19));
return 0;
}
By removing the splicing and spaces from the returnline in the wd() function, it can be compacted to a 286 character single line :)
通过returnwd()函数中的行去掉拼接和空格，可以压缩成286个字符的单行:)
回答by Ben Ruijl
This is my implementation. It's very short and includes error checking. If you want dates before 01-01-1900, you could easily change the anchor to the starting date of the Gregorian calendar.
这是我的实现。它很短，包括错误检查。如果您想要 01-01-1900 之前的日期，您可以轻松地将锚点更改为公历的开始日期。
#include <stdio.h>
int main(int argv, char** arv) {
int month[] = {31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31};
char* day[] = {"Sunday", "Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday", "Thursday", "Friday", "Saturday"};
int d, m, y, i;
printf("Fill in a date after 01-01-1900 as dd-mm-yyyy: ");
scanf("%d-%d-%d", &d, &m, &y);
// correction for leap year
if (y % 4 == 0 && (y % 100 != 0 || y % 400 == 0))
month[1] = 29;
if (y < 1900 || m < 1 || m > 12 || d < 1 || d > month[m - 1]) {
printf("This is an invalid date.\n");
return 1;
}
for (i = 1900; i < y; i++)
if (i % 4 == 0 && (i % 100 != 0 || i % 400 == 0))
d += 366;
else
d += 365;
for (i = 0; i < m - 1; i++)
d += month[i];
printf("This is a %s.\n", day[d % 7]);
return 0;
}
回答by kay - SE is evil
The answer I came up with:
我想出的答案：
const int16_t TM_MON_DAYS_ACCU[12] = {
0, 31, 59, 90, 120, 151, 181, 212, 243, 273, 304, 334
};
int tm_is_leap_year(unsigned year) {
return ((year & 3) == 0) && ((year % 400 == 0) || (year % 100 != 0));
}
// The "Doomsday" the the day of the week of March 0th,
// i.e the last day of February.
// In common years January 3rd has the same day of the week,
// and on leap years it's January 4th.
int tm_doomsday(int year) {
int result;
result = TM_WDAY_TUE;
result += year; // I optimized the calculation a bit:
result += year >>= 2; // result += year / 4
result -= year /= 25; // result += year / 100
result += year >>= 2; // result += year / 400
return result;
}
void tm_get_wyday(int year, int mon, int mday, int *wday, int *yday) {
int is_leap_year = tm_is_leap_year(year);
// How many days passed since Jan 1st?
*yday = TM_MON_DAYS_ACCU[mon] + mday + (mon <= TM_MON_FEB ? 0 : is_leap_year) - 1;
// Which day of the week was Jan 1st of the given year?
int jan1 = tm_doomsday(year) - 2 - is_leap_year;
// Now just add these two values.
*wday = (jan1 + *yday) % 7;
}
with these defines (matching struct tmof time.h):
与这些定义（匹配struct tm的time.h）：
#define TM_WDAY_SUN 0
#define TM_WDAY_MON 1
#define TM_WDAY_TUE 2
#define TM_WDAY_WED 3
#define TM_WDAY_THU 4
#define TM_WDAY_FRI 5
#define TM_WDAY_SAT 6
#define TM_MON_JAN 0
#define TM_MON_FEB 1
#define TM_MON_MAR 2
#define TM_MON_APR 3
#define TM_MON_MAY 4
#define TM_MON_JUN 5
#define TM_MON_JUL 6
#define TM_MON_AUG 7
#define TM_MON_SEP 8
#define TM_MON_OCT 9
#define TM_MON_NOV 10
#define TM_MON_DEC 11
回答by ANIL
#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<conio.h>
int fm(int date, int month, int year) {
int fmonth, leap;
if ((year % 100 == 0) && (year % 400 != 0))
leap = 0;
else if (year % 4 == 0)
leap = 1;
else
leap = 0;
fmonth = 3 + (2 - leap) * ((month + 2) / (2 * month))+ (5 * month + month / 9) / 2;
fmonth = fmonth % 7;
return fmonth;
}
int day_of_week(int date, int month, int year) {
int dayOfWeek;
int YY = year % 100;
int century = year / 100;
printf("\nDate: %d/%d/%d \n", date, month, year);
dayOfWeek = 1.25 * YY + fm(date, month, year) + date - 2 * (century % 4);
//remainder on division by 7
dayOfWeek = dayOfWeek % 7;
switch (dayOfWeek) {
case 0:
printf("weekday = Saturday");
break;
case 1:
printf("weekday = Sunday");
break;
case 2:
printf("weekday = Monday");
break;
case 3:
printf("weekday = Tuesday");
break;
case 4:
printf("weekday = Wednesday");
break;
case 5:
printf("weekday = Thursday");
break;
case 6:
printf("weekday = Friday");
break;
default:
printf("Incorrect data");
}
return 0;
}
int main() {
int date, month, year;
printf("\nEnter the year ");
scanf("%d", &year);
printf("\nEnter the month ");
scanf("%d", &month);
printf("\nEnter the date ");
scanf("%d", &date);
day_of_week(date, month, year);
return 0;
}
OUTPUT: Enter the year 2012
输出：进入2012年
Enter the month 02
输入月份 02
Enter the date 29
输入日期 29
Date: 29/2/2012
日期：29/2/2012
weekday = Wednesday
工作日 = 星期三
回答by Ashwin Kumar
Here is a simple code that I created in c that should fix your problem :
这是我在 c 中创建的一个简单代码，可以解决您的问题：
#include <conio.h>
int main()
{
int y,n,oy,ly,td,a,month,mon_,d,days,down,up; // oy==ordinary year, td=total days, d=date
printf("Enter the year,month,date: ");
scanf("%d%d%d",&y,&month,&d);
n= y-1; //here we subtracted one year because we have to find on a particular day of that year, so we will not count whole year.
oy= n%4;
if(oy==0) // for leap year
{
mon_= month-1;
down= mon_/2; //down means months containing 30 days.
up= mon_-down; // up means months containing 31 days.
if(mon_>=2)
{
days=(up*31)+((down-1)*30)+29+d; // here in down case one month will be of feb so we subtracted 1 and after that seperately
td= (oy*365)+(ly*366)+days; // added 29 days as it is the if block of leap year case.
}
if(mon_==1)
{
days=(up*31)+d;
td= (oy*365)+(ly*366)+days;
}
if(mon_==0)
{
days= d;
td= (oy*365)+(ly*366)+days;
}
}
else
{
mon_= month-1;
down= mon_/2;
up= mon_-down;
if(mon_>=2)
{
days=(up*31)+((down-1)*30)+28+d;
td= (oy*365)+(ly*366)+days;
}
if(mon_==1)
{
days=(up*31)+d;
td= (oy*365)+(ly*366)+days;
}
if(mon_==0)
{
days= d;
td= (oy*365)+(ly*366)+days;
}
}
ly= n/4;
a= td%7;
if(a==0)
printf("\nSunday");
if(a==1)
printf("\nMonday");
if(a==2)
printf("\nTuesday");
if(a==3)
printf("\nWednesday");
if(a==4)
printf("\nThursday");
if(a==5)
printf("\nFriday");
if(a==6)
printf("\nSaturday");
return 0;
}
回答by James Venable
For Day of Week, years 2000 - 2099.
对于星期几，2000 - 2099 年。
uint8_t rtc_DayOfWeek(uint8_t year, uint8_t month, uint8_t day)
{
//static const uint8_t month_offset_table[] = {0, 3, 3, 6, 1, 4, 6, 2, 5, 0, 3, 5}; // Typical table.
// Added 1 to Jan, Feb. Subtracted 1 from each instead of adding 6 in calc below.
static const uint8_t month_offset_table[] = {0, 3, 2, 5, 0, 3, 5, 1, 4, 6, 2, 4};
// Year is 0 - 99, representing years 2000 - 2099
// Month starts at 0.
// Day starts at 1.
// Subtract 1 in calc for Jan, Feb, only in leap years.
// Subtracting 1 from year has the effect of subtracting 2 in leap years, subtracting 1 otherwise.
// Adding 1 for Jan, Feb in Month Table so calc ends up subtracting 1 for Jan, Feb, only in leap years.
// All of this complication to avoid the check if it is a leap year.
if (month < 2) {
year--;
}
// Century constant is 6. Subtract 1 from Month Table, so difference is 7.
// Sunday (0), Monday (1) ...
return (day + month_offset_table[month] + year + (year >> 2)) % 7;
} /* end rtc_DayOfWeek() */
回答by Friedrich
I think you can find that in glib: http://developer.gnome.org/glib/unstable/glib-Date-and-Time-Functions.html#g-date-get-day
我想你可以在 glib 中找到它：http: //developer.gnome.org/glib/unstable/glib-Date-and-Time-Functions.html#g-date-get-day
Regards
问候
回答by Vivek Patel
#include<stdio.h>
static char day_tab[2][13] = {
{0,31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31},
{0,31,29,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31}
};
int main()
{
int year,month;
scanf("%d%d%d",&year,&month,&day);
printf("%d\n",day_of_year(year,month,day));
return 0;
}
int day_of_year(int year ,int month,int day)
{
int i,leap;
leap = year%4 == 0 && year%100 != 0 || year%400 == 0;
if(month < 1 || month >12)
return -1;
if (day <1 || day > day_tab[leap][month])
return -1;
for(i= 1;i<month ; i++)
{
day += day_tab[leap][year];
}
return day;
}
