从 Golang 执行 Bash 脚本
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Executing a Bash Script from Golang
提问by orcaman
I am trying to figure out a way to execute a script (.sh) file from Golang. I have found a couple of easy ways to execute commands (e.g. os/exec), but what I am looking to do is to execute an entire sh file (the file sets variables etc.).
我试图找出一种从 Golang 执行脚本 (.sh) 文件的方法。我找到了几种执行命令的简单方法（例如 os/exec），但我想要做的是执行整个 sh 文件（文件设置变量等）。
Using the standard os/exec method for this does not seem to be straightforward: both trying to input "./script.sh" and loading the content of the script into a string do not work as arguments for the exec function.
为此使用标准的 os/exec 方法似乎并不简单：尝试输入“./script.sh”和将脚本内容加载到字符串中都不能作为 exec 函数的参数。
for example, this is an sh file that I want to execute from Go:
例如，这是我想从 Go 执行的 sh 文件：
OIFS=$IFS;
IFS=",";
# fill in your details here
dbname=testDB
host=localhost:27017
collection=testCollection
exportTo=../csv/
# get comma separated list of keys. do this by peeking into the first document in the collection and get his set of keys
keys=`mongo "$host/$dbname" --eval "rs.slaveOk();var keys = []; for(var key in db.$collection.find().sort({_id: -1}).limit(1)[0]) { keys.push(key); }; keys;" --quiet`;
# now use mongoexport with the set of keys to export the collection to csv
mongoexport --host $host -d $dbname -c $collection --fields "$keys" --csv --out $exportTo$dbname.$collection.csv;
IFS=$OIFS;
from the Go program:
来自 Go 程序：
out, err := exec.Command(mongoToCsvSH).Output()
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
fmt.Printf("output is %s\n", out)
where mongoToCsvSH can be either the path to the sh or the actual content - both do not work.
其中 mongoToCsvSH 可以是 sh 的路径或实际内容 - 两者都不起作用。
Any ideas how to achieve this?
任何想法如何实现这一目标？
回答by OneOfOne
For your shell script to be directly runnable you have to:
为了让您的 shell 脚本可以直接运行，您必须：
Start it with
#!/bin/sh(or#!/bin/bash, etc).You have to make it executable, aka
chmod +x script.
以
#!/bin/sh（或#!/bin/bash等）开头。你必须让它可执行，也就是
chmod +x script.
If you don't want to do that, then you will have to execute /bin/shwith the path to the script.
如果您不想这样做，则必须/bin/sh使用脚本的路径执行。
cmd := exec.Command("/bin/sh", mongoToCsvSH)
回答by Evan
You need to execute /bin/shand pass the script itself as an argument.
您需要执行/bin/sh并将脚本本身作为参数传递。
