bash 如何使用 netcat/socat/telnet 手动连接到 websocket？
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How do I connect to a websocket manually, with netcat/socat/telnet?
提问by user48678
I am trying to connect to the reference websocket echo server"manually", in order to learn how the protocol works (I am using socat for that). However, the server invariably closes the connection without providing an answer. Any idea why?
我正在尝试“手动”连接到参考 websocket 回显服务器，以了解协议的工作原理（我为此使用了 socat）。但是，服务器总是在不提供答案的情况下关闭连接。知道为什么吗？
Here is what I do:
这是我所做的：
socat - TCP:echo.websocket.org:80
Then, I paste the following text in the terminal:
然后，我将以下文本粘贴到终端中：
GET /?encoding=text HTTP/1.1
Origin: http://www.websocket.org
Connection: Upgrade
Host: echo.websocket.org
Sec-WebSocket-Key: P7Kp2hTLNRPFMGLxPV47eQ==
Upgrade: websocket
Sec-WebSocket-Version: 13
I sniffed the parameters of the connection with the developer tools, in firefox, on the same machine, where this works flawlessly: therefore, I would assume they are correct. However after that, the server closes the connection immediately, without providing an answer. Why? How can I implement the protocol "manually"?
我在同一台机器上的 firefox 中嗅探了与开发人员工具的连接参数，它完美无缺：因此，我认为它们是正确的。然而，在那之后，服务器立即关闭连接，不提供答案。为什么？如何“手动”实施协议？
I would like type test in my terminal and get the server to reply with what I typed (It works in a web browser).
我想在我的终端中输入 test 并让服务器回复我输入的内容（它在网络浏览器中工作）。
回答by Michael Petch
I think you want to modify the socket stream to translate \n(line feed) to CRLF(Carriage return & line feed). Doing info socatproduces detailed information which includes this modifier:
我认为您想修改套接字流以将\n（换行）转换为CRLF（回车和换行）。做info socat会产生包括这个修饰符的详细信息：
crnl Converts the default line termination character NL ('\n', 0x0a)
to/from CRNL ("\r\n", 0x0d0a) when writing/reading on this chan-
nel (example). Note: socat simply strips all CR characters.
So I think you should be able to do this:
所以我认为你应该能够做到这一点：
socat - TCP:echo.websocket.org:80,crnl
回答by Vi.
I'd like to add that my WebSocket tool websocatcan also help disconvering and debugging the WebSocket protocol, especially when combined with socat:
我想补充一点，我的 WebSocket 工具websocat也可以帮助分解和调试 WebSocket 协议，尤其是与 socat 结合使用时：
$ websocat - ws-c:sh-c:"socat -v -x - tcp:echo.websocket.org:80" --ws-c-uri ws://echo.websocket.org
> 2018/07/03 16:30:06.021658 length=157 from=0 to=156
47 45 54 20 2f 20 48 54 54 50 2f 31 2e 31 0d 0a GET / HTTP/1.1..
48 6f 73 74 3a 20 65 63 68 6f 2e 77 65 62 73 6f Host: echo.webso
63 6b 65 74 2e 6f 72 67 0d 0a cket.org..
43 6f 6e 6e 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 3a 20 55 70 67 72 Connection: Upgr
61 64 65 0d 0a ade..
55 70 67 72 61 64 65 3a 20 77 65 62 73 6f 63 6b Upgrade: websock
65 74 0d 0a et..
53 65 63 2d 57 65 62 53 6f 63 6b 65 74 2d 56 65 Sec-WebSocket-Ve
72 73 69 6f 6e 3a 20 31 33 0d 0a rsion: 13..
53 65 63 2d 57 65 62 53 6f 63 6b 65 74 2d 4b 65 Sec-WebSocket-Ke
79 3a 20 59 76 36 32 44 31 57 6d 7a 79 79 31 65 y: Yv62D1Wmzyy1e
69 6d 62 47 6d 68 69 61 67 3d 3d 0d 0a imbGmhiag==..
0d 0a ..
--
< 2018/07/03 16:30:06.164057 length=201 from=0 to=200
48 54 54 50 2f 31 2e 31 20 31 30 31 20 57 65 62 HTTP/1.1 101 Web
20 53 6f 63 6b 65 74 20 50 72 6f 74 6f 63 6f 6c Socket Protocol
20 48 61 6e 64 73 68 61 6b 65 0d 0a Handshake..
43 6f 6e 6e 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 3a 20 55 70 67 72 Connection: Upgr
61 64 65 0d 0a ade..
44 61 74 65 3a 20 54 75 65 2c 20 30 33 20 4a 75 Date: Tue, 03 Ju
6c 20 32 30 31 38 20 31 33 3a 31 35 3a 30 30 20 l 2018 13:15:00
47 4d 54 0d 0a GMT..
53 65 63 2d 57 65 62 53 6f 63 6b 65 74 2d 41 63 Sec-WebSocket-Ac
63 65 70 74 3a 20 55 56 6a 32 74 35 50 43 7a 62 cept: UVj2t5PCzb
58 49 32 52 4e 51 75 70 2f 71 48 31 63 5a 44 6e XI2RNQup/qH1cZDn
38 3d 0d 0a 8=..
53 65 72 76 65 72 3a 20 4b 61 61 7a 69 6e 67 20 Server: Kaazing
47 61 74 65 77 61 79 0d 0a Gateway..
55 70 67 72 61 64 65 3a 20 77 65 62 73 6f 63 6b Upgrade: websock
65 74 0d 0a et..
0d 0a ..
--
ABCDEF
> 2018/07/03 16:30:12.707919 length=13 from=157 to=169
82 87 40 57 f5 88 01 15 b6 cc 05 11 ff ..@W.........
--
< 2018/07/03 16:30:12.848398 length=9 from=201 to=209
82 07 41 42 43 44 45 46 0a ..ABCDEF.
--
ABCDEF
> 2018/07/03 16:30:14.528333 length=6 from=170 to=175
88 80 18 ec 05 a8 ......
--
< 2018/07/03 16:30:14.671629 length=2 from=210 to=211
88 00 ..
--
In case of failures with manually driven socat -v -x - TCP:echo.websocket.org:80,crnl(mentioned in the other answer), you can compare it with WebSocat-driven socat like in session depicted above.
如果手动驱动失败socat -v -x - TCP:echo.websocket.org:80,crnl（在另一个答案中提到），您可以将它与 WebSocat 驱动的 socat 进行比较，就像上面描述的会话一样。
Reverse (server) example with socat debug dump:
带有 socat 调试转储的反向（服务器）示例：
socat -v -x tcp-l:1234,fork,reuseaddr exec:'websocat -t ws-u\:stdio\: mirror\:'
回答by NVRM
Alternatively, here is a way to connect and read the stream from wss secure websocketsfrom the command line using core php-cli.
或者，这是一种使用核心php-cli从命令行连接和读取来自wss 安全 websockets的流的方法。
php -r '$sock=stream_socket_client("ssl://echo.websocket.org:443",$e,$n,30,STREAM_CLIENT_CONNECT,stream_context_create(null));if(!$sock){echo"[$n]$e".PHP_EOL;}else{fwrite($sock,"GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: echo.websocket.org\r\nAccept: */*\r\nConnection: Upgrade\r\nUpgrade: websocket\r\nSec-WebSocket-Version: 13\r\nSec-WebSocket-Key: ".rand(0,999)."\r\n\r\n");while(!feof($sock)){var_dump(fgets($sock,2048));}}'
Other similar example, pulling from another wss server: (Do not get rekt)
其他类似的例子，从另一个 wss 服务器拉取：（不要 rekt）
php -r '$sock=stream_socket_client("ssl://stream.binance.com:9443",$e,$n,30,STREAM_CLIENT_CONNECT,stream_context_create(null));if(!$sock){echo"[$n]$e".PHP_EOL;}else{fwrite($sock,"GET /stream?streams=btcusdt@kline_1m HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: stream.binance.com:9443\r\nAccept: */*\r\nConnection: Upgrade\r\nUpgrade: websocket\r\nSec-WebSocket-Version: 13\r\nSec-WebSocket-Key: ".rand(0,999)."\r\n\r\n");while(!feof($sock)){var_dump(explode(",",fgets($sock,512)));}}'
