如何使用 bash 或 curl 将数据编码为 URL
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How to urlencode data into a URL, with bash or curl
提问by Edward Ned Harvey
How can a string be urlencoded and embedded into the URL? Please note that I am nottrying to GET or POST data, so the -Gand --dataand --data-urlencodeoptions of curl don't seem to do the job.
如何将字符串编码并嵌入到 URL 中？请注意，我不是在尝试 GET 或 POST 数据，因此curl的-Gand--data和--data-urlencodeoptions 似乎无法完成这项工作。
For example, if you used
例如，如果您使用
curl -G http://example.com/foo --data-urlencode "bar=spaced data"
that would be functionally equivalent to
这在功能上等同于
curl http://example.com/foo?bar=spaced%20data"
which is not desired.
这是不希望的。
I have a string foo/barwhich must be urlencoded foo%2fbarand embedded into the URL.
我有一个字符串foo/bar，必须对其进行 urlencodedfoo%2fbar并嵌入到 URL 中。
curl http://example.com/api/projects/foo%2fbar/events
One hypothetical solution (if I could find something like this) would be to preprocess the data in bash, if there exists some kind of urlencodefunction.
一个假设的解决方案（如果我能找到类似的东西）是在 bash 中预处理数据，如果存在某种urlencode函数的话。
DATA=foo/bar
ENCODED=`urlencode $DATA`
curl http://example.com/api/projects/${ENCODED}/events
Another hypothetical solution (if I could find something like this) would be some switch in curl, similar to this:
另一个假设的解决方案（如果我能找到类似的东西）是 curl 的一些开关，类似于：
curl http://example.com/api/projects/{0}/events --string-urlencode "0=foo/bar"
The specific reason I'm looking for an answer to this question is the Gitlab API. For example, gitlab get single projectNAMESPACE/PROJECT_NAMEis URL-encoded, eg. /api/v3/projects/diaspora%2Fdiaspora(where /is represented by %2F). Further to this, you can request individual properties in the project, so you end up with a URL such as http://example.com/projects/diaspora%2Fdiaspora/events
我正在寻找这个问题的答案的具体原因是 Gitlab API。例如，gitlab get 单个项目NAMESPACE/PROJECT_NAME是 URL 编码的，例如。/api/v3/projects/diaspora%2Fdiaspora（其中/由 表示%2F）。除此之外，您可以请求项目中的各个属性，因此您最终会得到一个 URL，例如http://example.com/projects/diaspora%2Fdiaspora/events
Although this question is gitlab-specific, I imagine it's generally applicable to REST API's in general, and I'm surprised I can't find a pre-existing answer on stackoverflow or internet search.
虽然这个问题是特定于 gitlab 的，但我想它通常适用于 REST API，而且我很惊讶我无法在 stackoverflow 或互联网搜索上找到预先存在的答案。
回答by Charles Duffy
The urlencodefunction you propose is easy enough to implement:
urlencode您提出的功能很容易实现：
urlencode() {
python -c 'import urllib, sys; print urllib.quote(sys.argv[1], sys.argv[2])' \
"" "$urlencode_safe"
}
...used as:
...用作：
data=foo/bar
encoded=$(urlencode "$data")
curl "http://example.com/api/projects/${encoded}/events"
If you want to have some characters which are passed through literally -- in many use cases, this is desired for /s -- instead use:
如果您想要一些字面传递的字符——在许多用例中，这是/s所需要的——而是使用：
encoded=$(urlencode_safe='/' urlencode "$data")
