postgresql docker-compose：访问 postgres 的 shell (psql)
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docker-compose: accessing postgres' shell (psql)
提问by aralar
I'm trying to access PostgreSQL's shell (psql) using docker-compose, but I'm having some difficulties... Here's my docker-composefile:
我正在尝试使用 访问 PostgreSQL 的 shell ( psql) docker-compose，但我遇到了一些困难......这是我的docker-compose文件：
main:
build: .
volumes:
- .:/code
links:
- postgresdb
environment:
- DEBUG=true
postgresdb:
build: utils/sql/
ports:
- "5432"
environment:
- DEBUG=true
I've tried to access psqlby going through the mainas well as the postgresdbservices, by running
我试图访问psql通过该会main还有postgresdb服务，通过运行
docker-compose run postgresdb psql -h postgresdb -U docker mydatabase
docker-compose run postgresdb psql -h postgresdb -U docker mydatabase
but all I get is psql: could not translate host name "postgresdb" to address: Name or service not known... which I don't understand because I use postgresdbas the host in the database configuration file e.g.:
但我得到的只是psql: could not translate host name "postgresdb" to address: Name or service not known......我不明白，因为我postgresdb在数据库配置文件中用作主机，例如：
DB_ACCESS = {
'drivername': 'postgres',
# Name of docker-compose service
'host': 'postgresdb',
'port': '5432',
'username': 'docker',
'password': '',
'database': 'mydatabase'
}
采纳答案by Vitaly Isaev
You're trying to connect the Postgresdb container from itself, but container is not aware about the alias postgresdbthat you have set up inside your maincontainer.
您正在尝试从自身连接 Postgresdb 容器，但容器不知道postgresdb您在main容器内设置的别名。
Consider the following example:
考虑以下示例：
$ docker run -it --rm ubuntu hostname --fqdn
817450b29b34
Now you see that Postgresdb doesn't know how to resolve postgresdb. But postgresdbshould be resolvable from mainanyway.
现在您看到 Postgresdb 不知道如何解析postgresdb. 但无论如何postgresdb应该可以解决main。
You have several opportunities to fix this:
您有几个机会来解决这个问题：
- Try to set hostname for Postgresdb explicitly (in your
docker-compose.yml); - Access the Postgresdb from
maincontainer in such way:$ docker exec -it main_container_full_name psql -h postgresdb -U docker mydatabase
- 尝试为 Postgresdb 显式设置主机名（在您的 中
docker-compose.yml）； main以这种方式从容器访问 Postgresdb ：$ docker exec -it main_container_full_name psql -h postgresdb -U docker mydatabase
回答by l3x
Things have changed a bit since the question was originally asked.
自从最初提出这个问题以来，情况发生了一些变化。
Here's how you can access PostgreSQL's shell (psql) using docker-compose today:
以下是今天使用 docker-compose 访问 PostgreSQL 的 shell (psql) 的方法：
- Use a docker-compose.yml version '2' config file
- Use 'depends_on' rather than 'links' (new to version '2')
- Break up your containers using 'services'
- 使用 docker-compose.yml 版本“2”配置文件
- 使用“depends_on”而不是“links”（新版本“2”）
- 使用“服务”分解您的容器
docker-compoose.yml
docker-compose.yml
version: '2'
services:
postgresdb:
build: utils/sql/
ports:
- "5432"
environment:
- DEBUG=true
main:
build: .
volumes:
- .:/code
depends_on:
- postgresdb
environment:
- DEBUG=true
In your docker engine shell ...
在您的 docker 引擎外壳中...
- Find the container id (or container name) from the
docker pscommand - Use that id to open a shell prompt
- Switch user to the postgres user account
- Run psql
- 从
docker ps命令中查找容器 ID（或容器名称） - 使用该 ID 打开 shell 提示
- 将用户切换到 postgres 用户帐户
- 运行 psql
See example below:
请参阅下面的示例：
## .
## ## ## ==
## ## ## ## ## ===
/"""""""""""""""""\___/ ===
~~~ {~~ ~~~~ ~~~ ~~~~ ~~~ ~ / ===- ~~~
\______ o __/
\ \ __/
\____\_______/
_ _ ____ _ _
| |__ ___ ___ | |_|___ \ __| | ___ ___| | _____ _ __
| '_ \ / _ \ / _ \| __| __) / _` |/ _ \ / __| |/ / _ \ '__|
| |_) | (_) | (_) | |_ / __/ (_| | (_) | (__| < __/ |
|_.__/ \___/ \___/ \__|_____\__,_|\___/ \___|_|\_\___|_|
Boot2Docker version 1.11.2, build HEAD : a6645c3 - Wed Jun 1 22:59:51 UTC 2016
Docker version 1.11.2, build b9f10c9
docker@default:~$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
b563764171e2 poc_web "bundle exec rails s " 43 minutes ago Up 43 minutes 0.0.0.0:3000->3000/tcp poc_web_1
c6e480b0f26a postgres "/docker-entrypoint.s" 49 minutes ago Up 49 minutes 0.0.0.0:5432->5432/tcp poc_db_1
docker@default:~$ docker exec -it c6e480b0f26a sh
# su - postgres
No directory, logging in with HOME=/
$ psql
psql (9.5.3)
Type "help" for help.
postgres=#
Notes:
笔记：
- docker-compose up will start services in dependency order
- If you want to stand up a postgres container using the official image, you docker-compose.ymlmight look more like the following:
- docker-compose up 将按照依赖顺序启动服务
- 如果你想使用官方镜像建立一个 postgres 容器，你的 docker-compose.yml可能看起来更像下面这样：
version: '2'
services:
db:
image: postgres
ports:
- "5432:5432"
. . .
version: '2'
services:
db:
image: postgres
ports:
- "5432:5432"
. . .
References
参考
回答by Tate Thurston
Let's start with a minimal docker-compose.ymlfile for reference:
让我们从一个最小的docker-compose.yml文件开始以供参考：
version: "3"
services:
postgres:
image: postgres:9.5
You bring your services up with docker-compose up.
你提供你的服务docker-compose up。
Let's assume you have a database you want to connect to called test.
假设您有一个要连接的数据库，名为test.
Answer:docker-compose run --rm postgres psql -h YOUR_SERVICE -U YOUR_USER -d YOUR_DATABASE
回答：docker-compose run --rm postgres psql -h YOUR_SERVICE -U YOUR_USER -d YOUR_DATABASE
The --rmoption removes the container after exit, so you don't create unnecessary duplicate containers just for accessing the database.
该--rm选项会在退出后删除容器，因此您不会仅为访问数据库而创建不必要的重复容器。
In our example, this would be docker-compose run --rm postgres psql -h postgres -U postgres -d test
在我们的例子中，这将是 docker-compose run --rm postgres psql -h postgres -U postgres -d test
Alternatively, you could use psql's connection string: docker compose run --rm postgres psql -d postgres://YOUR_USER@YOUR_SERVICE/YOUR_DATABASE
或者，您可以使用 psql 的连接字符串： docker compose run --rm postgres psql -d postgres://YOUR_USER@YOUR_SERVICE/YOUR_DATABASE
回答by Daniel
The following worked for me:
以下对我有用：
in docker-compose.yaml
在docker-compose.yaml 中
services:
db:
container_name: db
image: postgres
then, after running docker-compose up
然后，运行后 docker-compose up
I can run
我可以跑
sudo docker exec -it -u postgres db psql
postgres=#
to get the shell
得到外壳
Notes:
笔记：
- I'm using docker-compose version 3
- I've given the psql container a name (db). Which allowed me to avoid running
docker psto get the container_id - the
-u postgresallows me to access the container as the postgressuperuser
- 我正在使用 docker-compose 版本 3
- 我给 psql 容器起了一个名字（db）。这使我可以避免运行
docker ps以获取 container_id - 在
-u postgres允许我进入容器作为Postgres的超级用户
