如何在 Python 中绘制 ROC 曲线

How to plot ROC curve in Python

提问by user3847447

I am trying to plot a ROC curve to evaluate the accuracy of a prediction model I developed in Python using logistic regression packages. I have computed the true positive rate as well as the false positive rate; however, I am unable to figure out how to plot these correctly using matplotliband calculate the AUC value. How could I do that?

我正在尝试绘制 ROC 曲线以评估我使用逻辑回归包在 Python 中开发的预测模型的准确性。我已经计算了真阳性率和假阳性率；但是，我无法弄清楚如何使用matplotlib和计算 AUC 值正确绘制这些图。我怎么能那样做？

回答by ebarr

It is not at all clear what the problem is here, but if you have an array true_positive_rateand an array false_positive_rate, then plotting the ROC curve and getting the AUC is as simple as:

根本不清楚这里的问题是什么，但如果你有一个数组true_positive_rate和一个数组false_positive_rate，那么绘制 ROC 曲线并获得 AUC 就像这样简单：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

x = # false_positive_rate
y = # true_positive_rate 

# This is the ROC curve
plt.plot(x,y)
plt.show() 

# This is the AUC
auc = np.trapz(y,x)

回答by Mona

Here is python code for computing the ROC curve (as a scatter plot):

这是用于计算 ROC 曲线的 Python 代码（作为散点图）：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

score = np.array([0.9, 0.8, 0.7, 0.6, 0.55, 0.54, 0.53, 0.52, 0.51, 0.505, 0.4, 0.39, 0.38, 0.37, 0.36, 0.35, 0.34, 0.33, 0.30, 0.1])
y = np.array([1,1,0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1,0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1 , 0, 1, 0])

# false positive rate
fpr = []
# true positive rate
tpr = []
# Iterate thresholds from 0.0, 0.01, ... 1.0
thresholds = np.arange(0.0, 1.01, .01)

# get number of positive and negative examples in the dataset
P = sum(y)
N = len(y) - P

# iterate through all thresholds and determine fraction of true positives
# and false positives found at this threshold
for thresh in thresholds:
    FP=0
    TP=0
    for i in range(len(score)):
        if (score[i] > thresh):
            if y[i] == 1:
                TP = TP + 1
            if y[i] == 0:
                FP = FP + 1
    fpr.append(FP/float(N))
    tpr.append(TP/float(P))

plt.scatter(fpr, tpr)
plt.show()

回答by Max

The previous answers assume that you indeed calculated TP/Sens yourself. It's a bad idea to do this manually, it's easy to make mistakes with the calculations, rather use a library function for all of this.

前面的答案假设您确实自己计算了 TP/Sens。手动执行此操作是一个坏主意，很容易在计算中出错，而应使用库函数来完成所有这些操作。

the plot_roc function in scikit_lean does exactly what you need: http://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/model_selection/plot_roc.html

scikit_lean 中的 plot_roc 函数正是您所需要的：http://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/model_selection/plot_roc.html

The essential part of the code is:

代码的基本部分是：

  for i in range(n_classes):
      fpr[i], tpr[i], _ = roc_curve(y_test[:, i], y_score[:, i])
      roc_auc[i] = auc(fpr[i], tpr[i])

回答by uniquegino

Here are two ways you may try, assuming your modelis an sklearn predictor:

假设您model是 sklearn 预测器，您可以尝试以下两种方法：

import sklearn.metrics as metrics
# calculate the fpr and tpr for all thresholds of the classification
probs = model.predict_proba(X_test)
preds = probs[:,1]
fpr, tpr, threshold = metrics.roc_curve(y_test, preds)
roc_auc = metrics.auc(fpr, tpr)

# method I: plt
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.title('Receiver Operating Characteristic')
plt.plot(fpr, tpr, 'b', label = 'AUC = %0.2f' % roc_auc)
plt.legend(loc = 'lower right')
plt.plot([0, 1], [0, 1],'r--')
plt.xlim([0, 1])
plt.ylim([0, 1])
plt.ylabel('True Positive Rate')
plt.xlabel('False Positive Rate')
plt.show()

# method II: ggplot
from ggplot import *
df = pd.DataFrame(dict(fpr = fpr, tpr = tpr))
ggplot(df, aes(x = 'fpr', y = 'tpr')) + geom_line() + geom_abline(linetype = 'dashed')

or try

或尝试

ggplot(df, aes(x = 'fpr', ymin = 0, ymax = 'tpr')) + geom_line(aes(y = 'tpr')) + geom_area(alpha = 0.2) + ggtitle("ROC Curve w/ AUC = %s" % str(roc_auc)) 

回答by Reii Nakano

This is the simplest way to plot an ROC curve, given a set of ground truth labels and predicted probabilities. Best part is, it plots the ROC curve for ALL classes, so you get multiple neat-looking curves as well

这是绘制 ROC 曲线的最简单方法，给定一组真实标签和预测概率。最好的部分是，它绘制了所有类别的 ROC 曲线，因此您也可以获得多个整洁的曲线

import scikitplot as skplt
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

y_true = # ground truth labels
y_probas = # predicted probabilities generated by sklearn classifier
skplt.metrics.plot_roc_curve(y_true, y_probas)
plt.show()

Here's a sample curve generated by plot_roc_curve. I used the sample digits dataset from scikit-learn so there are 10 classes. Notice that one ROC curve is plotted for each class.

这是由 plot_roc_curve 生成​​的示例曲线。我使用了来自 scikit-learn 的示例数字数据集，所以有 10 个类。请注意，为每个类别绘制了一条 ROC 曲线。

Disclaimer: Note that this uses the scikit-plotlibrary, which I built.

免责声明：请注意，这使用了我构建的scikit-plot库。

回答by Brian Chan

I have made a simple function included in a package for the ROC curve. I just started practicing machine learning so please also let me know if this code has any problem!

我为 ROC 曲线制作了一个包含在包中的简单函数。我刚开始练习机器学习，所以如果这段代码有任何问题，也请告诉我！

Have a look at the github readme file for more details! :)

查看 github 自述文件了解更多详细信息！:)

https://github.com/bc123456/ROC

https://github.com/bc123456/ROC

from sklearn.metrics import confusion_matrix, accuracy_score, roc_auc_score, roc_curve
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns
import numpy as np

def plot_ROC(y_train_true, y_train_prob, y_test_true, y_test_prob):
    '''
    a funciton to plot the ROC curve for train labels and test labels.
    Use the best threshold found in train set to classify items in test set.
    '''
    fpr_train, tpr_train, thresholds_train = roc_curve(y_train_true, y_train_prob, pos_label =True)
    sum_sensitivity_specificity_train = tpr_train + (1-fpr_train)
    best_threshold_id_train = np.argmax(sum_sensitivity_specificity_train)
    best_threshold = thresholds_train[best_threshold_id_train]
    best_fpr_train = fpr_train[best_threshold_id_train]
    best_tpr_train = tpr_train[best_threshold_id_train]
    y_train = y_train_prob > best_threshold

    cm_train = confusion_matrix(y_train_true, y_train)
    acc_train = accuracy_score(y_train_true, y_train)
    auc_train = roc_auc_score(y_train_true, y_train)

    print 'Train Accuracy: %s ' %acc_train
    print 'Train AUC: %s ' %auc_train
    print 'Train Confusion Matrix:'
    print cm_train

    fig = plt.figure(figsize=(10,5))
    ax = fig.add_subplot(121)
    curve1 = ax.plot(fpr_train, tpr_train)
    curve2 = ax.plot([0, 1], [0, 1], color='navy', linestyle='--')
    dot = ax.plot(best_fpr_train, best_tpr_train, marker='o', color='black')
    ax.text(best_fpr_train, best_tpr_train, s = '(%.3f,%.3f)' %(best_fpr_train, best_tpr_train))
    plt.xlim([0.0, 1.0])
    plt.ylim([0.0, 1.0])
    plt.xlabel('False Positive Rate')
    plt.ylabel('True Positive Rate')
    plt.title('ROC curve (Train), AUC = %.4f'%auc_train)

    fpr_test, tpr_test, thresholds_test = roc_curve(y_test_true, y_test_prob, pos_label =True)

    y_test = y_test_prob > best_threshold

    cm_test = confusion_matrix(y_test_true, y_test)
    acc_test = accuracy_score(y_test_true, y_test)
    auc_test = roc_auc_score(y_test_true, y_test)

    print 'Test Accuracy: %s ' %acc_test
    print 'Test AUC: %s ' %auc_test
    print 'Test Confusion Matrix:'
    print cm_test

    tpr_score = float(cm_test[1][1])/(cm_test[1][1] + cm_test[1][0])
    fpr_score = float(cm_test[0][1])/(cm_test[0][0]+ cm_test[0][1])

    ax2 = fig.add_subplot(122)
    curve1 = ax2.plot(fpr_test, tpr_test)
    curve2 = ax2.plot([0, 1], [0, 1], color='navy', linestyle='--')
    dot = ax2.plot(fpr_score, tpr_score, marker='o', color='black')
    ax2.text(fpr_score, tpr_score, s = '(%.3f,%.3f)' %(fpr_score, tpr_score))
    plt.xlim([0.0, 1.0])
    plt.ylim([0.0, 1.0])
    plt.xlabel('False Positive Rate')
    plt.ylabel('True Positive Rate')
    plt.title('ROC curve (Test), AUC = %.4f'%auc_test)
    plt.savefig('ROC', dpi = 500)
    plt.show()

    return best_threshold

A sample roc graph produced by this code

此代码生成的示例 roc 图

回答by Cherry Wu

from sklearn import metrics
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

y_true = # true labels
y_probas = # predicted results
fpr, tpr, thresholds = metrics.roc_curve(y_true, y_probas, pos_label=0)

# Print ROC curve
plt.plot(fpr,tpr)
plt.show() 

# Print AUC
auc = np.trapz(tpr,fpr)
print('AUC:', auc)

回答by ajayramesh

AUC curve For Binary Classification using matplotlib

使用 matplotlib 进行二元分类的 AUC 曲线

from sklearn import svm, datasets
from sklearn import metrics
from sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegression
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.datasets import load_breast_cancer
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

Load Breast Cancer Dataset

加载乳腺癌数据集

breast_cancer = load_breast_cancer()

X = breast_cancer.data
y = breast_cancer.target

Split the Dataset

拆分数据集

X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X,y,test_size=0.33, random_state=44)

Model

模型

clf = LogisticRegression(penalty='l2', C=0.1)
clf.fit(X_train, y_train)
y_pred = clf.predict(X_test)

Accuracy

准确性

print("Accuracy", metrics.accuracy_score(y_test, y_pred))

AUC Curve

AUC曲线

y_pred_proba = clf.predict_proba(X_test)[::,1]
fpr, tpr, _ = metrics.roc_curve(y_test,  y_pred_proba)
auc = metrics.roc_auc_score(y_test, y_pred_proba)
plt.plot(fpr,tpr,label="data 1, auc="+str(auc))
plt.legend(loc=4)
plt.show()

回答by Yohann L.

Based on multiple comments from stackoverflow, scikit-learn documentation and some other, I made a python package to plot ROC curve (and other metric) in a really simple way.

基于来自 stackoverflow、scikit-learn 文档和其他一些文档的多条评论，我制作了一个 python 包，以一种非常简单的方式绘制 ROC 曲线（和其他指标）。

To install package : pip install plot-metric(more info at the end of post)

安装包：（pip install plot-metric更多信息在帖子末尾）

To plot a ROC Curve (example come from the documentation) :

绘制 ROC 曲线（示例来自文档）：

Binary classification

二元分类

Let's load a simple dataset and make a train & test set :

让我们加载一个简单的数据集并制作一个训练和测试集：

from sklearn.datasets import make_classification
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
X, y = make_classification(n_samples=1000, n_classes=2, weights=[1,1], random_state=1)
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, test_size=0.5, random_state=2)

Train a classifier and predict test set :

训练分类器并预测测试集：

from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestClassifier
clf = RandomForestClassifier(n_estimators=50, random_state=23)
model = clf.fit(X_train, y_train)

# Use predict_proba to predict probability of the class
y_pred = clf.predict_proba(X_test)[:,1]

You can now use plot_metric to plot ROC Curve :

您现在可以使用 plot_metric 来绘制 ROC 曲线：

from plot_metric.functions import BinaryClassification
# Visualisation with plot_metric
bc = BinaryClassification(y_test, y_pred, labels=["Class 1", "Class 2"])

# Figures
plt.figure(figsize=(5,5))
bc.plot_roc_curve()
plt.show()

Result :

结果 ：

You can find more example of on the github and documentation of the package:

您可以在 github 和软件包文档中找到更多示例：

• Github : https://github.com/yohann84L/plot_metric
• Documentation : https://plot-metric.readthedocs.io/en/latest/

• Github：https: //github.com/yohann84L/plot_metric
• 文档：https: //plot-metric.readthedocs.io/en/latest/

回答by PV8

You can also follow the offical documentation form scikit:

您还可以按照 scikit 的官方文档格式进行操作：

https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/model_selection/plot_roc.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-model-selection-plot-roc-py

https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/model_selection/plot_roc.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-model-selection-plot-roc-py