Linux 如何链接 glibc 的 iconv 实现？
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How do I link glibc's implementation of iconv?
提问by x-x
The GNU C library provides an implementation of iconv - how do I use it?
GNU C 库提供了 iconv 的实现 - 我该如何使用它？
Simple program:
简单程序：
#include <iconv.h>
int main( int argc, char **argv ) {
iconv_t cd = iconv_open( "UTF-8", "ISO-8859-1" );
iconv_close( cd );
return 0;
}
Compile and link:
编译并链接：
$ gcc -Wall iconv.c -o iconv
/tmp/ccKAfXNg.o: In function `main':
iconv.c:(.text+0x19): undefined reference to `libiconv_open'
iconv.c:(.text+0x29): undefined reference to `libiconv_close'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
List the symbols to show they exist!
列出符号以表明它们存在！
$ nm -D /lib/libc-2.12.1.so | grep iconv
00017920 T iconv
00017ae0 T iconv_close
00017720 T iconv_open
If I install the GNU libiconv library to /usr/local and link with -liconv it works. How do I link with the glibc implementation of iconv?
如果我将 GNU libiconv 库安装到 /usr/local 并与 -liconv 链接，它就可以工作。如何与 iconv 的 glibc 实现链接？
EDIT: More information as requested from the comments:
编辑：根据评论的要求提供更多信息：
List all iconv.h files in /usr (1 match)
列出 /usr 中的所有 iconv.h 文件（1 个匹配项）
$ find /usr/ | grep "iconv\.h"
/usr/include/iconv.h
Reinstall libc6-dev to ensure the correct header is installed.
重新安装 libc6-dev 以确保安装了正确的头文件。
$ dpkg -S /usr/include/iconv.h
libc6-dev: /usr/include/iconv.h
$ apt-get install --reinstall libc6-dev
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 reinstalled, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 0B/4,910kB of archives.
After this operation, 0B of additional disk space will be used.
(Reading database ... 143458 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to replace libc6-dev 2.12.1-0ubuntu10.1 (using .../libc6-dev_2.12.1-0ubuntu10.1_i386.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement libc6-dev ...
Setting up libc6-dev (2.12.1-0ubuntu10.1) ...
Compile and link again with suggested preprocessor option:
使用建议的预处理器选项再次编译和链接：
$ gcc -Wall -DLIBICONV_PLUG iconv.c -o iconv
/tmp/ccKAfXNg.o: In function `main':
iconv.c:(.text+0x19): undefined reference to `libiconv_open'
iconv.c:(.text+0x29): undefined reference to `libiconv_close'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
Output from gcc -H:
gcc -H 的输出：
$ gcc -H iconv.c
. /usr/include/iconv.h
.. /usr/include/features.h
... /usr/include/bits/predefs.h
... /usr/include/sys/cdefs.h
.... /usr/include/bits/wordsize.h
... /usr/include/gnu/stubs.h
.... /usr/include/bits/wordsize.h
.... /usr/include/gnu/stubs-32.h
.. /usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/4.4.5/include/stddef.h
Multiple include guards may be useful for:
/usr/include/bits/predefs.h
/usr/include/gnu/stubs-32.h
/usr/include/gnu/stubs.h
/usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/4.4.5/include/stddef.h
pastbin copy of /usr/include/iconv.h
/usr/include/iconv.h 的过去 bin 副本
Fixed: Reboot fixed the issue. I suspect a cached copy of libiconv was causing the conflicts, even though it was deleted from disk.
修复：重新启动修复了问题。我怀疑 libiconv 的缓存副本导致了冲突，即使它已从磁盘中删除。
采纳答案by thkala
Your program seems fine and compiles fine on my system (Mandriva Linux 2010.1).
你的程序看起来很好，在我的系统上编译得很好（Mandriva Linux 2010.1）。
I find the libiconv_*references in your compile log worrisome, though. Are you sure that the iconv.hversion that gets included comes from glibc and not from a separate libiconv implementation, such as GNU libiconv? It sounds as if it adds a libprefix to all iconv functions to avoid symbol collisions with the iconv implementation of the C library that came with the system.
不过，我发现libiconv_*编译日志中的引用令人担忧。您确定包含的iconv.h版本来自 glibc 而不是来自单独的 libiconv 实现，例如 GNU libiconv？听起来好像它lib为所有 iconv 函数添加了一个前缀，以避免与系统附带的 C 库的 iconv 实现发生符号冲突。
Having to explicitly link to libiconv points to a separate iconv implementation too - glibc does not need it.
必须显式链接到 libiconv 也指向单独的 iconv 实现 - glibc 不需要它。
EDIT:
编辑：
For the record, I just verified that using the iconv.hheader file from libiconv without explicitly linking against it will produce exactly the result that you are seeing - it renames all iconv functions by adding a libprefix to their names.
作为记录，我刚刚验证了使用iconv.hlibiconv 中的头文件而不显式链接它会产生与您看到的完全相同的结果 - 它通过lib在名称中添加前缀来重命名所有 iconv 函数。
