Linux Python：如何获取一个用户名的组 ID（如 id -Gn ）
声明：本页面是StackOverFlow热门问题的中英对照翻译，遵循CC BY-SA 4.0协议，如果您需要使用它，必须同样遵循CC BY-SA许可，注明原文地址和作者信息，同时你必须将它归于原作者（不是我）：StackOverFlow
原文地址: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/9323834/
Warning: these are provided under cc-by-sa 4.0 license. You are free to use/share it, But you must attribute it to the original authors (not me):
StackOverFlow
Python: How to get group ids of one username (like id -Gn )
提问by Ade YU
getpwnamecan only get the gidof a username.
getpwname只能得到gid一个username。
import pwd
myGroupId = pwd.getpwnam(username).pw_gid
getgroupscan only get groupsof the script user.
getgroups只能获取groups脚本用户。
import os
myGroupIds = os.getgroups()
How can I get all groupsof one arbitrary username, like the id -Gncommand?
我怎样才能得到所有groups一个任意的username，比如id -Gn命令？
id -Gn `whoami`
采纳答案by Gareth A. Lloyd
#!/usr/bin/env python
import grp, pwd
user = "myname"
groups = [g.gr_name for g in grp.getgrall() if user in g.gr_mem]
gid = pwd.getpwnam(user).pw_gid
groups.append(grp.getgrgid(gid).gr_name)
print groups
回答by jserras
The result of id -Gnwhen the user belongs to one or more groups in which several group names map to the same gidmight not be the same as the posted answer. For instance if /etc/groupsis similar to this:
id -Gn当用户属于一个或多个组，其中多个组名映射到同一组时，结果gid可能与发布的答案不同。例如，如果/etc/groups与此类似：
% ypcat group | grep mygroup
mygroup:*:66485:user1,user2,user3,...
mygroup1:*:66485:user101,user102,user103,...
mygroup2:*:66485:user201,user202,user203,...
...
And if the user is not listed in mygroupbut in mygroup<n>, id -Gnreturns mygroupbut the posted answer returns mygroup<n>.
如果用户未在mygroup但在 中列出mygroup<n>，则id -Gn返回mygroup但发布的答案返回mygroup<n>。
It seems that in my environment, because UNIX groups can have hundreds or thousands of users, this is a common group management policy, although I don't know exactly what is the user limit per group and why id -Gnalways returns mygroup.
好像在我的环境中，因为UNIX组可以有成百上千的用户，所以这是一个常见的组管理策略，虽然我不知道每个组的用户限制到底是多少，为什么id -Gn总是返回mygroup.
Nevertheless, with the code below I got a match with id -Gn:
尽管如此，使用下面的代码我得到了匹配id -Gn：
import pwd, grp
def getgroups(user):
gids = [g.gr_gid for g in grp.getgrall() if user in g.gr_mem]
gid = pwd.getpwnam(user).pw_gid
gids.append(grp.getgrgid(gid).gr_gid)
return [grp.getgrgid(gid).gr_name for gid in gids]
回答by cs_alumnus
If you want the current users' groups.
如果您想要当前用户的组。
import os, grp
[grp.getgrgid(g).gr_name for g in os.getgroups()]
os.getgroups() returns the list of gids of the current user.
os.getgroups() 返回当前用户的 gid 列表。
grp.getgrgid(g) returns details about a group
grp.getgrgid(g) 返回有关组的详细信息
回答by Jens Timmerman
The only way I found to make this work correctly when having users non local to the system (e.g. ldap, sssd+ldap, freeIPA) without calling id in a subprocess is by calling the getgrouplistc function (which is called by id eventually after going trough some abstractions):
当用户非系统本地（例如 ldap、sssd+ldap、freeIPA）而不在子进程中调用 id 时，我发现使此功能正常工作的唯一方法是调用getgrouplistc 函数（它在通过后最终由 id 调用）一些抽象）：
#!/usr/bin/python
import grp, pwd, os
from ctypes import *
from ctypes.util import find_library
libc = cdll.LoadLibrary(find_library('libc'))
getgrouplist = libc.getgrouplist
# 50 groups should be enought?
ngroups = 50
getgrouplist.argtypes = [c_char_p, c_uint, POINTER(c_uint * ngroups), POINTER(c_int)]
getgrouplist.restype = c_int32
grouplist = (c_uint * ngroups)()
ngrouplist = c_int(ngroups)
user = pwd.getpwuid(2540485)
ct = getgrouplist(user.pw_name, user.pw_gid, byref(grouplist), byref(ngrouplist))
# if 50 groups was not enought this will be -1, try again
# luckily the last call put the correct number of groups in ngrouplist
if ct < 0:
getgrouplist.argtypes = [c_char_p, c_uint, POINTER(c_uint *int(ngrouplist.value)), POINTER(c_int)]
grouplist = (c_uint * int(ngrouplist.value))()
ct = getgrouplist(user.pw_name, user.pw_gid, byref(grouplist), byref(ngrouplist))
for i in xrange(0, ct):
gid = grouplist[i]
print grp.getgrgid(gid).gr_name
