Bash：在新终端中执行带有参数的命令

Bash: Execute command WITH ARGUMENTS in new terminal

提问by IDontKnow

So i want to open a new terminal in bash and execute a command with arguments. As long as I only take something like lsas command it works fine, but when I take something like route -n, so a command with arguments, it doesnt work. The code:

所以我想在 bash 中打开一个新终端并执行一个带参数的命令。只要我只采用类似ls命令的东西，它就可以正常工作，但是当我采用类似route -n, 所以带有参数的命令时，它就不起作用了。编码：

gnome-terminal --window-with-profile=Bash -e whoami#WORKS

gnome-terminal --window-with-profile=Bash -e whoami＃作品

gnome-terminal --window-with-profile=Bash -e route -n#DOESNT WORK

gnome-terminal --window-with-profile=Bash -e route -n#不工作

I already tried putting "" around the command and all that but it still doesnt work

我已经尝试将 "" 放在命令周围，但它仍然不起作用

采纳答案by Dario

Try this:

尝试这个：

gnome-terminal --window-with-profile=Bash -e 'bash -c "route -n; read"'

The final readprevents the window from closing after execution of the previous commands. It will close when you press a key.

finalread防止窗口在执行前面的命令后关闭。当你按下一个键时它会关闭。

If you want to experience headaches, you can try with more quote nesting:

如果你想体验头痛，你可以尝试更多的引用嵌套：

gnome-terminal --window-with-profile=Bash \
  -e 'bash -c "route -n; read -p '"'Press a key...'"'"'

(In the following examples there is no final read. Let's suppose we fixed that in the profile.)

（在以下示例中没有 final read。假设我们在配置文件中修复了它。）

If you want to print an empty line and enjoy multi-level escaping too:

如果你想打印一个空行并享受多级转义：

gnome-terminal --window-with-profile=Bash \
  -e 'bash -c "printf \\n; route -n"'

The same, with another quoting style:

同样的，还有另一种引用风格：

gnome-terminal --window-with-profile=Bash \
  -e 'bash -c '\''printf "\n"; route -n'\'

Variables are expanded in double quotes, not single quotes, so if you want them expanded you need to ensure that the outermost quotes are double:

变量在双引号中展开，而不是单引号，因此如果您希望它们展开，您需要确保最外面的引号是双引号：

command='printf "\n"; route -n'
gnome-terminal --window-with-profile=Bash \
  -e "bash -c '$command'"

Quoting can become really complex. When you need something more advanced that a simple couple of commands, it is advisable to write an independent shell script with all the readable, parametrized code you need, save it somewhere, say /home/user/bin/mycommand, and then invoke it simply as

引用会变得非常复杂。当您需要比简单的几个命令更高级的东西时，建议使用您需要的所有可读的参数化代码编写一个独立的 shell 脚本，将其保存在某处，例如/home/user/bin/mycommand，然后简单地调用它

gnome-terminal --window-with-profile=Bash -e /home/user/bin/mycommand

回答by Adrian Bartyczak

To start a new terminal and run an initial command in it with arguments, use the following (note: “-e” is now deprecated; “-- ” is used to start the command instead):

要启动一个新终端并在其中运行带有参数的初始命令，请使用以下命令（注意：“-e”现在已弃用；“--”用于启动命令）：

gnome-terminal --window-with-profile=Bash -- \
    bash -c "<command>"

To continue the terminal with the normal bash profile, add exec bash:

要使用普通的 bash 配置文件继续终端，请添加exec bash：

gnome-terminal --window-with-profile=Bash -- \
    bash -c "<command>; exec bash"

execreplaces the shell after running the command and can be excluded.

exec运行命令后替换shell，可以排除。

If needing to pass something like a Here documentas the command, use the following (xterm is used here just as another example):

如果需要将类似Here 文档的内容作为命令传递，请使用以下命令（此处使用xterm 作为另一个示例）：

cmd="$(printf '%s\n' 'wc -w <<-EOF
  First line of Here document.
  Second line.
  The output of this command will be '15'.
EOF' 'exec bash')"

xterm -e bash -c "${cmd}"

The following can be used in a script to open a new terminal with the arguments as the command:

可以在脚本中使用以下命令以参数作为命令打开新终端：

nohup xterm -e bash -c "$(printf '%s\nexec bash' "$*")" &>/dev/null &

When $*is quoted, it expands the arguments to a single word, with each separated by the first character of IFS. nohupand &>/dev/null &are used only to allow the terminal to run in the background.

当$*被引用，其膨胀的参数到单个字，其中每个分离的由IFS的第一个字符。nohup并且&>/dev/null &仅用于允许终端在后台运行。