带有通配符和隐藏文件的 Bash for 循环
声明：本页面是StackOverFlow热门问题的中英对照翻译，遵循CC BY-SA 4.0协议，如果您需要使用它，必须同样遵循CC BY-SA许可，注明原文地址和作者信息，同时你必须将它归于原作者（不是我）：StackOverFlow
原文地址: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2135770/
Warning: these are provided under cc-by-sa 4.0 license. You are free to use/share it, But you must attribute it to the original authors (not me):
StackOverFlow
Bash for loop with wildcards and hidden files
提问by sixtyfootersdude
Just witting a simple shell script and little confused:
只是知道一个简单的 shell 脚本并且有点困惑：
Here is my script:
这是我的脚本：
% for f in $FILES; do echo "Processing $f file.."; done
The Command:
命令：
ls -la | grep bash
produces:
产生：
% ls -a | grep bash
.bash_from_cshrc
.bash_history
.bash_profile
.bashrc
When
什么时候
FILES=".bash*"
I get the same results (different formatting) as ls -a. However when
我得到与 ls -a 相同的结果（不同的格式）。然而当
FILES="*bash*"
I get this output:
我得到这个输出：
Processing *bash* file..
This is not the expected output and not what I expect. Am I not allowed to have a wild card at the beginning of the file name? Is the . at the beginning of the file name "special" somehow?
这不是预期的输出，也不是我所期望的。文件名的开头不允许有通配符吗？是个 。在文件名“特殊”的开头不知何故？
Setting
环境
FILES="bash*"
Also does not work.
也不起作用。
采纳答案by gregseth
FILES=".bash*"works because the hidden files name begin with a .
FILES=".bash*"有效，因为隐藏文件名以 .
FILES="bash*"doesn't work because the hidden files name begin with a .not a b
FILES="bash*"不起作用，因为隐藏文件名以.not a开头b
FILES="*bash*"doesn't work because the *wildcard at the beginning of a string omits hidden files.
FILES="*bash*"不起作用，因为*字符串开头的通配符省略了隐藏文件。
回答by nos
The default globbing in bash does not include filenames starting with a . (aka hidden files).
bash 中的默认通配符不包括以 . （又名隐藏文件）。
You can change that with
你可以用
shopt -s dotglob
shopt -s dotglob
$ ls -a
. .. .a .b .c d e f
$ ls *
d e f
$ shopt -s dotglob
$ ls *
.a .b .c d e f
$
To disable it again, run shopt -u dotglob.
要再次禁用它，请运行shopt -u dotglob.
回答by ghostdog74
If you want hidden and non hidden, set dotglob (bash)
如果你想隐藏和非隐藏，设置 dotglob (bash)
#!/bin/bash
shopt -s dotglob
for file in *
do
echo "$file"
done
回答by alanc
Yes, the .at the front is special, and normally won't be matched by a *wildcard, as documented in the bash man page (and common to most Unix shells):
是的，.前面的 是特殊的，通常不会与*通配符匹配，如 bash 手册页中所述（并且对大多数 Unix shell 很常见）：
When a pattern is used for pathname expansion, the character “.” at the start of a name or immediately following a slash must be matched explicitly, unless the shell option dotglobis set. When matching a pathname, the slash character must always be matched explicitly. In other cases, the “.” character is not treated specially.
当模式用于路径名扩展时，字符“.” 除非设置了 shell 选项dotglob，否则在名称的开头或紧跟在斜杠之后必须显式匹配 。匹配路径名时，斜杠字符必须始终明确匹配。在其他情况下，“。” 字符没有特殊处理。
