bash 如何使用 Xcode 转换器创建 USDZ 文件？

How to create USDZ file using Xcode converter?

提问by Clay

At the 2018 WWDC Apple annouced the introduction of new USDZ file format.

在 2018 年的 WWDC 上，Apple 宣布推出新的 USDZ 文件格式。

https://developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2018/603/

https://developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2018/603/

In relation to creating USDZ file the following was said:

关于创建 USDZ 文件，如下所述：

To create your own usdz files, a usdz_converter has been bundled as part of Xcode 10 beta. Its a command line tool for creating the usdz file from OBJ files, Single-frame Alembic (ABC) files, USD file (either .usda or usd.c)

为了创建您自己的 usdz 文件，一个 usdz_converter 已作为 Xcode 10 beta 的一部分捆绑在一起。它是一个命令行工具，用于从 OBJ 文件、单帧 Alembic (ABC) 文件、USD 文件（.usda 或 usd.c）创建 usdz 文件

the basic command line is

基本的命令行是

xcrun usdz_converter myFile.obj myFile.usdz

I have installed Xcode 10 beta, but have been unable to run or even find usdz_converter in the Xcode 10 beta bundle made available on the 4th June 2018 (build 10L176w).

我已经安装了 Xcode 10 测试版，但在 2018 年 6 月 4 日提供的 Xcode 10 测试版捆绑包（构建 10L176w）中无法运行甚至无法找到 usdz_converter。

note: I'm still running on macOS highSierra, I have not installed macOS Mojave 10.14 beta yet... but didn't think that should be the reason why.

注意：我仍然在 macOS highSierra 上运行，我还没有安装 macOS Mojave 10.14 beta ......但我认为这不是原因。

Has anyone else been able to get this xcrun usdz_converter to work?

有没有其他人能够让这个 xcrun usdz_converter 工作？

If so please share the steps.

如果是这样，请分享步骤。

回答by Andy

Updated: March 30, 2020.

更新时间：2020 年 3 月 30 日。

usdzconvertcommand for Xcode 11

usdzconvertXcode 11 的命令

In macOS 10.15 Catalinaand Xcode 11USDZ converterhas a rich set of commands and supports more input formats for conversion than previous version. But before using it you need to download usdz Tools. And don't forget to setup a global variablesfor Python usdz tools. Here's how a new command looks like in Terminal:

在macOS 10.15 中，Catalina和Xcode 11USDZ converter拥有丰富的命令集，并且比以前的版本支持更多的输入格式进行转换。但在使用它之前，您需要下载usdz Tools。并且不要忘记为 Python usdz 工具设置全局变量。下面是一个新命令在终端中的样子：

usdzconvert ~/Desktop/file.gltf -diffuseColor albedo.png -metallic brass.jpg

• In macOS Catalina the default command shell isZSH.

• 在 macOS Catalina 中，默认的命令外壳是ZSH。

So, if you want to use USDPythontoolsyou need to create a Shell Resource file .zshrcusing the following Terminal command:

因此，如果要使用USDPython工具，则需要.zshrc使用以下终端命令创建 Shell 资源文件：

touch ~/.zshrc

Then you have to open this file using:

然后你必须使用以下命令打开这个文件：

open ~/.zshrc

Now you can add these lines into zsh resource file:

现在您可以将这些行添加到 zsh 资源文件中：

export PATH="/Users/yourUserName/usdpython/USD:$PATH"
export PATH="/Users/yourUserName/usdpython/usdzconvert:$PATH"
export PYTHONPATH="/Users/yourUserName/usdpython/USD/lib/python:$PYTHONPATH"

echo "Now I can use USDPython commands here."

Save it and restart Terminal.

保存并重新启动终端。

usdzconvertis a Python script that converts the following assets into usdz:

usdzconvert是一个 Python 脚本，可将以下资产转换为usdz：

• obj
• gltf
• fbx
• abc
• usda
• usdc
• usd

• 对象
• 格特夫
• fbx
• 美国广播公司
• 美国农业部
• 美元
• 美元

If you need to use FBXformat conversion you have to download and install FBX Python SDK.

如果您需要使用FBX格式转换，您必须下载并安装FBX Python SDK。

Then add to .zshrcfile one more line:

然后在.zshrc文件中再添加一行：

export PYTHONPATH="/Applications/Autodesk/FBXPythonSDK/2020.0.1/lib/Python27_ub:$PYTHONPATH"

Save .zshrcfile and restart Terminal.

保存.zshrc文件并重新启动终端。

Here's a full list of options you can see in Terminal, typing usdzconvert -h:

这是您可以在终端中看到的完整选项列表，键入usdzconvert -h：

DON'T USE usdzconvert 0.63 BECAUSE IT CAUSES ERRORS.

usdzconvert 0.62

outputFile                           Output .usd/usda/usdc/usdz files.
-h, --help                           Show this help message and exit.
-f <file>                            Read arguments from <file>
-v                                   Verbose output.
-url <url>                           Add URL metadata
-copyright "copyright message"       Add copyright metadata
-copytextures                        Copy texture files (for .usd/usda/usdc) workflows
-metersPerUnit value                 Set metersPerUnit attribute with float value
-loop                                Set animation loop flag to 1
-no-loop                             Set animation loop flag to 0
-m materialName                      Subsequent material arguments apply to this material.
-iOS12                               Make output file compatible with iOS 12 frameworks
-texCoordSet name                    The name of the texture coordinates to use for current material.

-diffuseColor r,g,b                  Set diffuseColor to constant color r,g,b with values in the range [0 .. 1]
-diffuseColor <file> fr,fg,fb        Use <file> as texture for diffuseColor.
                                     fr,fg,fb: (optional) constant fallback color, with values in the range [0..1].

-normal x,y,z                        Set normal to constant value x,y,z in tangent space [(-1, -1, -1), (1, 1, 1)].
-normal <file> fx,fy,fz              Use <file> as texture for normal.
                                     fx,fy,fz: (optional) constant fallback value, with values in the range [-1..1].

-emissiveColor r,g,b                 Set emissiveColor to constant color r,g,b with values in the range [0..1]
-emissiveColor <file> fr,fg,fb       Use <file> as texture for emissiveColor.
                                     fr,fg,fb: (optional) constant fallback color, with values in the range [0..1].

-metallic c                          Set metallic to constant c, in the range [0..1]
-metallic ch <file> fc               Use <file> as texture for metallic.
                                     ch: (optional) texture color channel (r, g, b or a).
                                     fc: (optional) fallback constant in the range [0..1]

-roughness c                         Set roughness to constant c, in the range [0..1]
-roughness ch <file> fc              Use <file> as texture for roughness.
                                     ch: (optional) texture color channel (r, g, b or a).
                                     fc: (optional) fallback constant in the range [0..1]

-occlusion c                         Set occlusion to constant c, in the range [0..1]
-occlusion ch <file> fc              Use <file> as texture for occlusion.
                                     ch: (optional) texture color channel (r, g, b or a).
                                     fc: (optional) fallback constant in the range [0..1]

-opacity c                           Set opacity to constant c, in the range [0..1]
-opacity ch <file> fc                Use <file> as texture for opacity.
                                     ch: (optional) texture color channel (r, g, b or a).
                                     fc: (optional) fallback constant in the range [0..1]

-clearcoat c                         Set clearcoat to constant c, in the range [0..1]
-clearcoat ch <file> fc              Use <file> as texture for clearcoat.
                                     ch: (optional) texture color channel (r, g, b or a).
                                     fc: (optional) fallback constant in the range [0..1]

-clearcoatRoughness c                Set clearcoat roughness to constant c, in the range [0..1]
-clearcoatRoughness ch <file> fc     Use <file> as texture for clearcoat roughness.
                                     ch: (optional) texture color channel (r, g, b or a).
                                     fc: (optional) fallback constant in the range [0..1]

Or, instead of using a command line conversion tool (CLI), you could use a Reality Converterapp (GUI). The new app makes it easy to convert, view, and customise .usdzobjects on Mac. Simply drag-and-drop common 3D file formats, such as .obj, .gltfand .usd, to view the converted .usdzresult, customise material properties with your own textures, and edit file metadata. You can even preview your .usdzobject under a variety of lighting and environment conditions with built-in IBL options.

或者，您可以使用Reality Converter应用程序 (GUI) ，而不是使用命令行转换工具 (CLI )。新应用程序可以轻松地.usdz在 Mac 上转换、查看和自定义对象。只需拖放常见的 3D 文件格式，例如.obj、.gltf和.usd，即可查看转换.usdz结果、使用您自己的纹理自定义材质属性以及编辑文件元数据。您甚至可以.usdz使用内置的 IBL 选项在各种光照和环境条件下预览您的对象。

xcrun usdz_convertercommand for Xcode 10

xcrun usdz_converterXcode 10 的命令

In macOS 10.14 Mojaveand Xcode 10USDZ converterhas a slightly different set of arguments and flags. Here's how an old command looks like in Terminal:

在macOS 10.14 中，Mojave和Xcode 10USDZ converter的参数和标志集略有不同。这是旧命令在终端中的样子：

xcrun usdz_converter file.obj file.usdz -color_map color.jpg -ao_map ao.png

• In macOS Mojave the default command shell isBASH.

• 在 macOS Mojave 中，默认的命令外壳是BASH。

Here's a full list of options you can see in Terminal, typing xcrun usdz_converter -h:

这是您可以在终端中看到的完整选项列表，键入xcrun usdz_converter -h：

-g groupName [groupNames ...]        Apply subsequent material properties to the named group(s).
-m materialName [materialNames ...]  Apply subsequent material properties to the named material(s).
-h                                   Display help.
-a                                   Generate a .usda intermediate file.  Default is .usdc.
-l                                   Leave the intermediate .usd file in the source folder.
-v                                   Verbose output.
-f                    filePath       Read commands from a file.
-texCoordSet          set            The name of the texturemap coordinate set to use if multiple exist (no quotes).
-opacity              o              Floating point value 0.0...1.0

-color_default        r g b a        Floating point values 0.0...1.0
-normal_default       r g b a        Floating point values 0.0...1.0
-emissive_default     r g b a        Floating point values 0.0...1.0
-metallic_default     r g b a        Floating point values 0.0...1.0
-roughness_default    r g b a        Floating point values 0.0...1.0
-ao_default           r g b a        Floating point values 0.0...1.0

-color_map            filePath
-normal_map           filePath
-emissive_map         filePath
-metallic_map         filePath
-roughness_map        filePath
-ao_map               filePath

回答by Abraham Torres

You have to enable the Xcode 10 command line tools on Xcode > Preferences > Locations

您必须启用 Xcode 10 命令行工具 Xcode > Preferences > Locations

回答by Matthijs

You have to activate the command line tools in Xcode preferences, in case they're not actived yet (that was my case). See this topic:

您必须在 Xcode 首选项中激活命令行工具，以防它们尚未激活（这就是我的情况）。请参阅此主题：

How to create a USDZ file?

如何创建 USDZ 文件？