通过 ssh 运行 Bash 脚本
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Running a Bash script over ssh
提问by Cerin
I'm trying to write a Bash script that will SSH into a machine and create a directory. The long-term goal is a bit more complicated, but for now I'm starting simple. However, as simple as it is, I can't quite seem to get it. Here's my code:
我正在尝试编写一个 Bash 脚本，它将通过 SSH 连接到一台机器并创建一个目录。长期目标有点复杂，但现在我从简单开始。然而，虽然很简单，但我似乎不太明白。这是我的代码：
#!/bin/bash
ssh -T [email protected] <<EOI
# Fix "TERM environment variable undefined" error.
TERM=dumb
export TERM
# Store todays date.
NOW=$(date +"%F")
echo $NOW
# Store backup path.
BACKUP="/backup/$NOW"
[ ! -d $BACKUP ] && mkdir -p ${BACKUP}
echo $BACKUP
exit
EOI
It runs without any explicit errors. However, the echoed $NOW and $BACKUP variables appear empty, and the /backup directory is not created. How do I fix this?
它运行时没有任何显式错误。但是，回显的 $NOW 和 $BACKUP 变量显示为空，并且未创建 /backup 目录。我该如何解决？
回答by Steve Emmerson
The shell on the local host is doing variable substitution on $NOW and $BACKUP because the "EOI" isn't escaped. Replace
本地主机上的 shell 正在对 $NOW 和 $BACKUP 进行变量替换，因为“EOI”没有被转义。代替
ssh [email protected] <<EOI
with
和
ssh [email protected] <<\EOI
回答by hbar
The variables are being evaluated in the script on the local machine. You need to subsitute the dollar signs with escaped dollar signs.
正在本地计算机上的脚本中评估变量。您需要用转义的美元符号代替美元符号。
#!/bin/bash
ssh -T [email protected] <<EOI
# Fix "TERM environment variable undefined" error.
TERM=dumb
export TERM
# Store todays date.
NOW=$(date +"%F")
echo $NOW
# Store backup path.
BACKUP="/backup/$NOW"
[ ! -d $BACKUP ] && mkdir -p ${BACKUP}
echo $BACKUP
exit
EOI
回答by R Samuel Klatchko
Your script is doing substitution on the local host before being sent over.
您的脚本在发送之前正在本地主机上进行替换。
Change your first line to:
将第一行更改为：
ssh -T [email protected] <<'EOI'
This will cause the raw script to get sent over and interpreted on your remote host.
这将导致原始脚本在您的远程主机上被发送和解释。
If you wanted a mix (so for example, if you wanted the datecommand executed on your local host, you should leave ssh line unchanged and quote the individual command):
如果您想要混合（例如，如果您想要在date本地主机上执行命令，您应该保持 ssh 行不变并引用单个命令）：
ssh -T [email protected] <<EOI
# Execute the date command on the local machine. The assignment still
# happens on the remote machine
NOW=$(date +"%F")
# Quote your $ so that the replacement happens on the remote machine
echo $NOW
回答by jmrenouard
How to run a local script over SSH
如何通过 SSH 运行本地脚本
Synopsis:
概要：
Script execution over SSH without copying script file. You need a simple SSH connexion and a local script.
通过 SSH 执行脚本，无需复制脚本文件。您需要一个简单的 SSH 连接和一个本地脚本。
Code:
代码：
#!/bin/sh
print_usage() {
echo -e "`basename NOW=`date +"%F"`
` ssh_connexion local_script"
echo -e "Remote executes local_script on ssh server"
echo -e "For convinient use, use ssh public key for remote connexion"
exit 0
}
[ $# -eq "2" ] && [ != "-h" ] && [ != "--help" ] || print_usage
INTERPRETER=$(head -n 1 | sed -e 's/#!//')
cat | grep -v "#" | ssh -t $INTERPRETER
Examples:
例子：
- ssh-remote-exec root@server1 myLocalScript.sh #for Bash
- ssh-remote-exec root@server1 myLocalScript.py #for Python
- ssh-remote-exec root@server1 myLocalScript.pl #for Perl
- ssh-remote-exec root@server1 myLocalScript.rb #for Ruby
- ssh-remote-exec root@server1 myLocalScript.sh #for Bash
- ssh-remote-exec root@server1 myLocalScript.py #for Python
- ssh-remote-exec root@server1 myLocalScript.pl #for Perl
- ssh-remote-exec root@server1 myLocalScript.rb #for Ruby
Step by step explanations
分步说明
This script performs this operations: 1° catches first line #! to get interpreter (i.e: Perl, Python, Ruby, Bash interpreter), 2° starts remote interpeter over SSH, 3° send all the script body over SSH.
此脚本执行以下操作： 1° 捕获第一行 #! 要获得解释器（即：Perl、Python、Ruby、Bash 解释器），2° 通过 SSH 启动远程交互器，3° 通过 SSH 发送所有脚本主体。
Local Script:
本地脚本：
Local script must start with #!/path/to/interpreter - #!/bin/sh for Bash script - #!/usr/bin/perl for Perl script - #!/usr/bin/python for Python script - #!/usr/bin/ruby for Ruby script
本地脚本必须以 #!/path/to/interpreter 开头 - Bash 脚本的 #!/bin/sh - Perl 脚本的 #!/usr/bin/perl - Python 脚本的 #!/usr/bin/python - #! /usr/bin/ruby 用于 Ruby 脚本
This script is not based on local script extension but on #! information.
此脚本不是基于本地脚本扩展名，而是基于 #! 信息。
回答by Pablo Santa Cruz
Try:
尝试：
##代码##