通过 Git 中的 SHA 哈希恢复提交？
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Revert to a commit by a SHA hash in Git?
提问by JP Silvashy
I'm not clear on how git revertworks. For example, I want to revert to a commit six commits behind the head, reverting all the changes in the intermediary commits in between.
我不清楚如何git revert工作。例如，我想恢复到头部后面的六个提交，恢复中间提交中的所有更改。
Say its SHAhash is 56e05fced214c44a37759efa2dfc25a65d8ae98d. Then why can't I just do something like:
说它的SHA哈希是56e05fced214c44a37759efa2dfc25a65d8ae98d. 那为什么我不能做这样的事情：
git revert 56e05fced214c44a37759efa2dfc25a65d8ae98d
回答by CB Bailey
If you want to commit on top of the current HEAD with the exact state at a different commit, undoing all the intermediate commits, then you can use resetto create the correct state of the index to make the commit.
如果您想在当前 HEAD 之上以不同提交的确切状态提交，撤消所有中间提交，那么您可以使用reset来创建索引的正确状态以进行提交。
# Reset the index and working tree to the desired tree
# Ensure you have no uncommitted changes that you want to keep
git reset --hard 56e05fced
# Move the branch pointer back to the previous HEAD
git reset --soft HEAD@{1}
git commit -m "Revert to 56e05fced"
回答by Jakub Nar?bski
What git-revertdoes is create a commit which undoes changes made in a given commit, creating a commit which is reverse (well, reciprocal) of a given commit. Therefore
什么混帐复归做的就是创建一个提交，撤消变化在给定的提交作出，创造了一个指定的提交的提交是相反的（当然，倒数）。所以
git revert <SHA-1>
should and does work.
应该并且确实有效。
If you want to rewind back to a specified commit, and you can do this because this part of history was not yet published, you need to use git-reset, not git-revert:
如果您想回退到指定的提交，并且您可以这样做，因为这部分历史记录尚未发布，您需要使用git-reset，而不是 git-revert ：
git reset --hard <SHA-1>
(Note that --hardwould make you lose any non-committed changes in the working directory).
（请注意，--hard这会使您丢失工作目录中任何未提交的更改）。
Additional Notes
补充说明
By the way, perhaps it is not obvious, but everywhere where documentation says <commit>or <commit-ish>(or <object>), you can put an SHA-1identifier (full or shortened) of commit.
顺便说一句，也许这并不明显，但是在文档说<commit>或<commit-ish>（或<object>）的任何地方，您都可以放置提交的SHA-1标识符（完整或缩短）。
回答by Michael Krelin - hacker
It reverts the said commit, that is, adds the commit opposite to it. If you want to checkout an earlier revision, you do:
它恢复所说的提交，即添加与之相反的提交。如果要签出较早的修订版，请执行以下操作：
git checkout 56e05fced214c44a37759efa2dfc25a65d8ae98d
回答by darshit khatri
The best way to rollback to a specific commit is:
回滚到特定提交的最佳方法是：
git reset --hard <commit-id>
Then:
然后：
git push <reponame> -f
回答by Flueras Bogdan
If your changes have already been pushed to a public, sharedremote, and you want to revert all commits between HEADand <sha-id>, then you can pass a commit range to git revert,
如果您的更改已被推送到公共共享远程，并且您想恢复HEAD和之间的所有提交<sha-id>，那么您可以将提交范围传递给git revert，
git revert 56e05f..HEAD
and it will revert all commits between 56e05fand HEAD(excluding the start point of the range, 56e05f).
它将恢复56e05f和之间的所有提交HEAD（不包括范围的起点，56e05f）。
回答by Jacob Dam
Updated:
更新：
This answer is simpler than my answer: https://stackoverflow.com/a/21718540/541862
这个答案比我的答案简单：https: //stackoverflow.com/a/21718540/541862
Original answer:
原答案：
# Create a backup of master branch
git branch backup_master
# Point master to '56e05fce' and
# make working directory the same with '56e05fce'
git reset --hard 56e05fce
# Point master back to 'backup_master' and
# leave working directory the same with '56e05fce'.
git reset --soft backup_master
# Now working directory is the same '56e05fce' and
# master points to the original revision. Then we create a commit.
git commit -a -m "Revert to 56e05fce"
# Delete unused branch
git branch -d backup_master
The two commands git reset --hardand git reset --softare magic here. The first one changes the working directory, but it also changes head (the current branch) too. We fix the head by the second one.
这两个命令git reset --hard和git reset --soft在这里很神奇。第一个改变了工作目录，但它也改变了 head（当前分支）。我们通过第二个固定头部。
回答by Tuyen Tran
This is more understandable:
这更容易理解：
git checkout 56e05fced -- .
git add .
git commit -m 'Revert to 56e05fced'
And to prove that it worked:
并证明它有效：
git diff 56e05fced
回答by longda
Should be as simple as:
应该很简单：
git reset --hard 56e05f
That'll get you back to that specific point in time.
这会让你回到那个特定的时间点。
回答by Jake
This might work:
这可能有效：
git checkout 56e05f
echo ref: refs/heads/master > .git/HEAD
git commit
