Python matplotlib - 具有固定纵横比的子图
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原文地址: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/4747051/
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matplotlib - subplots with fixed aspect ratio
提问by Peter Waltons
I have a problem with plotting multiple subplots. I would like to set the PHYSICAL aspect ratio of the subplots to a fixed value. In my example I have 12 subplots (4 rows and 3 columns) on a landscape A4 figure. There all subplots are nicely placed on the whole figure, and for all subplots the height is nearly equal to the width.
我在绘制多个子图时遇到问题。我想将子图的物理纵横比设置为固定值。在我的示例中，我在横向 A4 图形上有 12 个子图（4 行 3 列）。所有子图都很好地放置在整个图形上，并且对于所有子图，高度几乎等于宽度。
But if I change the layout of my figure to portrait, the subplots are stretched vertically. And this is exactly what should not happen. I would like to have the same height and width of the subplots as on the landscape figure. Is there a possibility that the aspect ratio of the subplots stay the same?
但是，如果我将图形的布局更改为纵向，则子图会垂直拉伸。而这正是不应该发生的。我希望子图的高度和宽度与景观图上的高度和宽度相同。子图的纵横比是否有可能保持不变？
Thanks in advance, Peter
提前致谢，彼得
EDIT: I have found a workaround. But this just works for non-logarithmic axes...
编辑：我找到了一个解决方法。但这仅适用于非对数轴......
aspectratio=1.0
ratio_default=(ax.get_xlim()[1]-ax.get_xlim()[0])/(ax.get_ylim()[1]-ax.get_ylim()[0])
ax.set_aspect(ratio_default*aspectratio)
回答by Joe Kington
Actually, what you're wanting is quite simple... You just need to make sure that adjustableis set to 'box'on your axes, and you have a set aspect ratio for the axes (anything other than 'auto').
实际上，您想要的非常简单……您只需要确保在您的轴上adjustable设置为'box'，并且您为轴设置了纵横比（除了'auto'）。
You can either do this with the adjustablekwarg when you create the subplots. Alternatively, you can do this after their creation by calling ax.set_adjustable('box'), or by calling ax.set_aspect(aspect, adjustable='box')(where aspect is either 'equal'or a number).
您可以adjustable在创建子图时使用kwarg执行此操作。或者，您可以在创建后通过调用ax.set_adjustable('box')或调用ax.set_aspect(aspect, adjustable='box')（其中方面是'equal'或数字）来执行此操作。
Now, regardless of how the figure is resized, the subplots will maintain the same aspect ratio.
现在，无论图形如何调整大小，子图都将保持相同的纵横比。
For example:
例如：
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
fig = plt.figure()
ax1 = fig.add_subplot(2,1,1, adjustable='box', aspect=0.3)
ax2 = fig.add_subplot(2,1,2)
ax1.plot(range(10))
ax2.plot(range(10))
plt.show()
Now, compare how the top subplot responds to resizing, vs. how the bottom subplot responds:
现在，比较顶部子图如何响应调整大小，与底部子图如何响应：
The initial plot
最初的情节
Resized to a vertical layout:
调整为垂直布局：
Resized to a horizontal layout:
调整为水平布局：
回答by wil3
Your workaround works for me. After plotting the data, I call the following function:
你的解决方法对我有用。绘制数据后，我调用以下函数：
def fixed_aspect_ratio(ratio):
'''
Set a fixed aspect ratio on matplotlib plots
regardless of axis units
'''
xvals,yvals = gca().axes.get_xlim(),gca().axes.get_ylim()
xrange = xvals[1]-xvals[0]
yrange = yvals[1]-yvals[0]
gca().set_aspect(ratio*(xrange/yrange), adjustable='box')
回答by mjo
In reply to the remark about the solution not working for logarithmic plots in the edit to the original question - you need to adapt as follows:
回复关于解决方案不适用于原始问题编辑中的对数图的评论 - 您需要进行如下调整：
def fixed_aspect_ratio_loglog(ratio):
'''
Set a fixed aspect ratio on matplotlib loglog plots
regardless of axis units
'''
xvals,yvals = gca().axes.get_xlim(),gca().axes.get_ylim()
xrange = log(xvals[1])-log(xvals[0])
yrange = log(yvals[1])-log(yvals[0])
gca().set_aspect(ratio*(xrange/yrange), adjustable='box')
(Adaptation for semilog plots should now be obvious)
（对半对数图的适应现在应该很明显了）
