如何将彩色文本输出到 Linux 终端？
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How do I output coloured text to a Linux terminal?
提问by Macha
How do I print coloured characters to a Linux terminal that supports it?
如何将彩色字符打印到支持它的 Linux 终端？
How do I tell whether the terminal supports colour codes?
如何判断终端是否支持颜色代码？
采纳答案by Thomas
You need to output ANSI colour codes. Note that not all terminals support this; if colour sequences are not supported, garbage will show up.
您需要输出ANSI 颜色代码。请注意，并非所有终端都支持此功能；如果不支持颜色序列，则会出现垃圾。
Example:
例子：
cout << "3[1;31mbold red text3[0m\n";
Here, \033is the ESC character, ASCII 27. It is followed by [, then zero or more numbers separated by ;, and finally the letter m. The numbers describe the colour and format to switch to from that point onwards.
这里，\033是 ESC 字符，ASCII 27。它后面是[，然后是零个或多个数字，由 分隔;，最后是字母m。数字描述了从那时起切换到的颜色和格式。
The codes for foreground and background colours are:
前景色和背景色的代码是：
foreground background
black 30 40
red 31 41
green 32 42
yellow 33 43
blue 34 44
magenta 35 45
cyan 36 46
white 37 47
Additionally, you can use these:
此外，您可以使用这些：
reset 0 (everything back to normal)
bold/bright 1 (often a brighter shade of the same colour)
underline 4
inverse 7 (swap foreground and background colours)
bold/bright off 21
underline off 24
inverse off 27
See the table on Wikipediafor other, less widely supported codes.
To determine whether your terminal supports colour sequences, read the value of the TERMenvironment variable. It should specify the particular terminal type used (e.g. vt100, gnome-terminal, xterm, screen, ...). Then look that up in the terminfo database; check the colorscapability.
要确定您的终端是否支持颜色序列，请读取TERM环境变量的值。它应该指定使用的特定终端类型（例如vt100，gnome-terminal，xterm，screen， ...）。然后在terminfo 数据库中查找；检查colors能力。
回答by Vlad
You can use escape sequences, if your terminal supports it. For example:
如果您的终端支持，您可以使用转义序列。例如：
echo \[3[32m\]Hello, \[3[36m\]colourful \[3[33mworld!3[0m\]
回答by Nick
The best way is to use the ncurses library - though this might be a sledgehammer to crack a nut if you just want to output a simple coloured string
最好的方法是使用 ncurses 库 - 尽管如果您只想输出一个简单的彩色字符串，这可能是一个敲碎坚果的大锤
回答by Alex
Before you going to output any color you need make sure you are in a terminal:
在输出任何需要的颜色之前，请确保您在终端中：
[ -t 1 ] && echo 'Yes I am in a terminal' # isatty(3) call in C
Then you need to check terminal capability if it support color
然后你需要检查终端功能是否支持颜色
on systems with terminfo(Linux based)you can obtain quantity of supported colors as
在具有terminfo（基于 Linux）的系统上，您可以获得支持的颜色数量
Number_Of_colors_Supported=$(tput colors)
on systems with termcap(BSD based)you can obtain quantity of supported colors as
在具有termcap（基于 BSD）的系统上，您可以获得支持的颜色数量
Number_Of_colors_Supported=$(tput Co)
Then make you decision:
然后做你的决定：
[ ${Number_Of_colors_Supported} -ge 8 ] && {
echo 'You are fine and can print colors'
} || {
echo 'Terminal does not support color'
}
BTW, do not use coloring as it was suggested before with ESC characters. Use standard call to terminal capability that will assign you CORRECT colors that particular terminal support.
顺便说一句，不要像以前使用 ESC 字符所建议的那样使用着色。使用标准呼叫终端功能，该功能将为您分配特定终端支持的正确颜色。
基于BSDfg_black="$(tput AF 0)"
fg_red="$(tput AF 1)"
fg_green="$(tput AF 2)"
fg_yellow="$(tput AF 3)"
fg_blue="$(tput AF 4)"
fg_magenta="$(tput AF 5)"
fg_cyan="$(tput AF 6)"
fg_white="$(tput AF 7)"
reset="$(tput me)"
fg_black="$(tput setaf 0)"
fg_red="$(tput setaf 1)"
fg_green="$(tput setaf 2)"
fg_yellow="$(tput setaf 3)"
fg_blue="$(tput setaf 4)"
fg_magenta="$(tput setaf 5)"
fg_cyan="$(tput setaf 6)"
fg_white="$(tput setaf 7)"
reset="$(tput sgr0)"
echo -e "${fg_red} Red ${fg_green} Bull ${reset}"
回答by Christos Lytras
This is an old topic, but I wrote a class with nested subclasses and static members for colors defined by simple C macros.
这是一个老话题，但我编写了一个类，其中包含嵌套子类和由简单 C 宏定义的颜色的静态成员。
I got the colorfunction from this post Color Text In C Programmingin dreamincode.net by user no2pencil.
我color从用户 no2pencil 在 dreamincode.net 中的C 编程中的彩色文本帖子中获得了该功能。
I made it this way so to be able to use the static constants in std::cout stream like this:
我这样做是为了能够像这样在 std::cout 流中使用静态常量：
cout << zkr::cc::fore::red << "This is red text. "
<< zkr::cc::console << "And changing to console default colors, fg, bg."
<< endl;
The class and a test program source code can be downloaded here.
该类和一个测试程序源代码可以在这里下载。
cc::consolewill reset to console default colors and attributes, cc::underlinewill underline the text, which works on putty which I've tested the test program.
cc::console将重置为控制台默认颜色和属性，cc::underline将在文本下划线，该文本适用于我测试过的测试程序的腻子。
Colors:
颜色：
black
blue
red
magenta
green
cyan
yellow
white
lightblack
lightblue
lightred
lightmagenta
lightgreen
lightcyan
lightyellow
lightwhite
Which can be used with both foreand backstatic subclasses of the ccstatic class.
可以fore与back静态类的子类和静态子cc类一起使用。
EDIT 2017
编辑 2017
I'm just adding the class code here to be more practical.
我只是在这里添加类代码更实用。
The color code macros:
颜色代码宏：
#define CC_CONSOLE_COLOR_DEFAULT "3[0m"
#define CC_FORECOLOR(C) "3[" #C "m"
#define CC_BACKCOLOR(C) "3[" #C "m"
#define CC_ATTR(A) "3[" #A "m"
and the main color function that defines a color or an attribute to the screen:
以及定义屏幕颜色或属性的主颜色函数：
char *cc::color(int attr, int fg, int bg)
{
static char command[13];
/* Command is the control command to the terminal */
sprintf(command, "%c[%d;%d;%dm", 0x1B, attr, fg + 30, bg + 40);
return command;
}
ccolor.h
颜色文件
#include <stdio.h>
#define CC_CONSOLE_COLOR_DEFAULT "3[0m"
#define CC_FORECOLOR(C) "3[" #C "m"
#define CC_BACKCOLOR(C) "3[" #C "m"
#define CC_ATTR(A) "3[" #A "m"
namespace zkr
{
class cc
{
public:
class fore
{
public:
static const char *black;
static const char *blue;
static const char *red;
static const char *magenta;
static const char *green;
static const char *cyan;
static const char *yellow;
static const char *white;
static const char *console;
static const char *lightblack;
static const char *lightblue;
static const char *lightred;
static const char *lightmagenta;
static const char *lightgreen;
static const char *lightcyan;
static const char *lightyellow;
static const char *lightwhite;
};
class back
{
public:
static const char *black;
static const char *blue;
static const char *red;
static const char *magenta;
static const char *green;
static const char *cyan;
static const char *yellow;
static const char *white;
static const char *console;
static const char *lightblack;
static const char *lightblue;
static const char *lightred;
static const char *lightmagenta;
static const char *lightgreen;
static const char *lightcyan;
static const char *lightyellow;
static const char *lightwhite;
};
static char *color(int attr, int fg, int bg);
static const char *console;
static const char *underline;
static const char *bold;
};
}
ccolor.cpp
颜色文件
#include "ccolor.h"
using namespace std;
namespace zkr
{
enum Color
{
Black,
Red,
Green,
Yellow,
Blue,
Magenta,
Cyan,
White,
Default = 9
};
enum Attributes
{
Reset,
Bright,
Dim,
Underline,
Blink,
Reverse,
Hidden
};
char *cc::color(int attr, int fg, int bg)
{
static char command[13];
/* Command is the control command to the terminal */
sprintf(command, "%c[%d;%d;%dm", 0x1B, attr, fg + 30, bg + 40);
return command;
}
const char *cc::console = CC_CONSOLE_COLOR_DEFAULT;
const char *cc::underline = CC_ATTR(4);
const char *cc::bold = CC_ATTR(1);
const char *cc::fore::black = CC_FORECOLOR(30);
const char *cc::fore::blue = CC_FORECOLOR(34);
const char *cc::fore::red = CC_FORECOLOR(31);
const char *cc::fore::magenta = CC_FORECOLOR(35);
const char *cc::fore::green = CC_FORECOLOR(92);
const char *cc::fore::cyan = CC_FORECOLOR(36);
const char *cc::fore::yellow = CC_FORECOLOR(33);
const char *cc::fore::white = CC_FORECOLOR(37);
const char *cc::fore::console = CC_FORECOLOR(39);
const char *cc::fore::lightblack = CC_FORECOLOR(90);
const char *cc::fore::lightblue = CC_FORECOLOR(94);
const char *cc::fore::lightred = CC_FORECOLOR(91);
const char *cc::fore::lightmagenta = CC_FORECOLOR(95);
const char *cc::fore::lightgreen = CC_FORECOLOR(92);
const char *cc::fore::lightcyan = CC_FORECOLOR(96);
const char *cc::fore::lightyellow = CC_FORECOLOR(93);
const char *cc::fore::lightwhite = CC_FORECOLOR(97);
const char *cc::back::black = CC_BACKCOLOR(40);
const char *cc::back::blue = CC_BACKCOLOR(44);
const char *cc::back::red = CC_BACKCOLOR(41);
const char *cc::back::magenta = CC_BACKCOLOR(45);
const char *cc::back::green = CC_BACKCOLOR(42);
const char *cc::back::cyan = CC_BACKCOLOR(46);
const char *cc::back::yellow = CC_BACKCOLOR(43);
const char *cc::back::white = CC_BACKCOLOR(47);
const char *cc::back::console = CC_BACKCOLOR(49);
const char *cc::back::lightblack = CC_BACKCOLOR(100);
const char *cc::back::lightblue = CC_BACKCOLOR(104);
const char *cc::back::lightred = CC_BACKCOLOR(101);
const char *cc::back::lightmagenta = CC_BACKCOLOR(105);
const char *cc::back::lightgreen = CC_BACKCOLOR(102);
const char *cc::back::lightcyan = CC_BACKCOLOR(106);
const char *cc::back::lightyellow = CC_BACKCOLOR(103);
const char *cc::back::lightwhite = CC_BACKCOLOR(107);
}
回答by BananaAcid
on OSX shell, this works for me (including 2 spaces in front of "red text"):
在 OSX shell 上，这对我有用（包括“红色文本”前面的 2 个空格）：
$ printf "\e[033;31m red text\n"
$ echo "$(tput setaf 1) red text"
回答by Joel Sj?gren
Basics
基本
I have written a C++ class which can be used to set the foreground and background color of output. This sample program serves as an example of printing This ->word<- is red.and formatting it so that the foreground color of wordis red.
我编写了一个 C++ 类，可用于设置输出的前景色和背景色。此示例程序作为打印This ->word<- is red.和格式化的示例，使其前景色word为红色。
#include "colormod.h" // namespace Color
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
Color::Modifier red(Color::FG_RED);
Color::Modifier def(Color::FG_DEFAULT);
cout << "This ->" << red << "word" << def << "<- is red." << endl;
}
Source
来源
#include <ostream>
namespace Color {
enum Code {
FG_RED = 31,
FG_GREEN = 32,
FG_BLUE = 34,
FG_DEFAULT = 39,
BG_RED = 41,
BG_GREEN = 42,
BG_BLUE = 44,
BG_DEFAULT = 49
};
class Modifier {
Code code;
public:
Modifier(Code pCode) : code(pCode) {}
friend std::ostream&
operator<<(std::ostream& os, const Modifier& mod) {
return os << "3[" << mod.code << "m";
}
};
}
Advanced
先进的
You may want to add additional features to the class. It is, for example, possible to add the color magenta and even styles like boldface. To do this, just an another entry to the Codeenumeration. Thisis a good reference.
您可能希望向该类添加其他功能。例如，可以添加洋红色甚至粗体等样式。要做到这一点，只是Code枚举的另一个条目。这是一个很好的参考。
回答by Uduse
try my header here for a quick and easy way to color text: Aedi's Color Header
在此处尝试我的标题，以快速简便地为文本着色：Aedi 的颜色标题
Escape-Sequence-Color-Header
转义序列颜色标题
Color Your Output in Unix using C++!!
使用 C++ 在 Unix 中为您的输出着色！！
Text Attribute Options:
文本属性选项：
ATTRIBUTES_OFF, BOLD, UNDERSCORE, BLINK, REVERSE_VIDEO, CONCEALED
Color Options:
颜色选项：
BLACK, RED, GREEN, YELLOW, BLUE, MAGENTA, CYAN, WHITE
Format:
格式：
General Format, include value you want in $variable$
通用格式，在 $variable$ 中包含您想要的值
COLOR_$Foreground_Color$_$Background_Color$
COLOR_$Text_Attribute$_$Foreground_Color$_$Background_Color$
COLOR_NORMAL // To set color to default
e.g.
例如
COLOR_BLUE_BLACK // Leave Text Attribute Blank if no Text Attribute appied
COLOR_UNDERSCORE_YELLOW_RED
COLOR_NORMAL
Usage:
用法：
Just use to stream the color you want before outputting text and use again to set the color to normal after outputting text.
只需在输出文本之前使用流式传输您想要的颜色，并在输出文本后再次使用将颜色设置为正常。
cout << COLOR_BLUE_BLACK << "TEXT" << COLOR_NORMAL << endl;
cout << COLOR_BOLD_YELLOW_CYAN << "TEXT" << COLOR_NORMAL << endl;
回答by gon1332
As others have stated, you can use escape characters. You can use my headerin order to make it easier:
正如其他人所说，您可以使用转义字符。您可以使用我的标题以使其更容易：
#ifndef _COLORS_
#define _COLORS_
/* FOREGROUND */
#define RST "\x1B[0m"
#define KRED "\x1B[31m"
#define KGRN "\x1B[32m"
#define KYEL "\x1B[33m"
#define KBLU "\x1B[34m"
#define KMAG "\x1B[35m"
#define KCYN "\x1B[36m"
#define KWHT "\x1B[37m"
#define FRED(x) KRED x RST
#define FGRN(x) KGRN x RST
#define FYEL(x) KYEL x RST
#define FBLU(x) KBLU x RST
#define FMAG(x) KMAG x RST
#define FCYN(x) KCYN x RST
#define FWHT(x) KWHT x RST
#define BOLD(x) "\x1B[1m" x RST
#define UNDL(x) "\x1B[4m" x RST
#endif /* _COLORS_ */
An example using the macros of the header could be:
使用标头宏的示例可能是：
#include <iostream>
#include "colors.h"
using namespace std;
int main()
{
cout << FBLU("I'm blue.") << endl;
cout << BOLD(FBLU("I'm blue-bold.")) << endl;
return 0;
}
回答by Daniel Langr
I use the following solution, it's quite simple and elegant, can be easily pasted into source, and works on Linux/Bash:
我使用以下解决方案，它非常简单和优雅，可以轻松粘贴到源代码中，并且适用于 Linux/Bash：
const std::string red("3[0;31m");
const std::string green("3[1;32m");
const std::string yellow("3[1;33m");
const std::string cyan("3[0;36m");
const std::string magenta("3[0;35m");
const std::string reset("3[0m");
std::cout << "Measured runtime: " << yellow << timer.count() << reset << std::endl;
