bash sed 搜索并替换包含 / 的字符串
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sed search and replace strings containing /
提问by Calvin Cheng
I am having trouble figuring out how to use sedto search and replace strings containing the /character in a text file /etc/myconfig.
我无法弄清楚如何使用sed来搜索和替换/文本文件中包含该字符的字符串/etc/myconfig。
For instance, in my existing text file, I have:
例如，在我现有的文本文件中，我有：
myparam /path/to/a argB=/path/to/B xo
and I want this replaced by:
我希望将其替换为：
myparam /path/to/c argB=/path/to/D xo
I attempted doing this in bash:
我尝试在 bash 中执行此操作：
line='myparam /path/to/a argB=/path/to/B xo'
line_new='myparam /path/to/c argB=/path/to/D xo'
sed -i 's/$line/$line_new/g' /etc/myconfig
But nothing happens.
但什么也没有发生。
Attempting
尝试
grep -rn "$line" /etc/myconfig
does return me 'myparam /path/to/a argB=/path/to/B xo'though.
'myparam /path/to/a argB=/path/to/B xo'不过确实让我回来了。
What's the correct way to express my sedcommand to execute this search and replace and correctly deal with the /command? (I reckon that the /character in my strings are the ones giving me the problem because I used a similar sedcommand to search and replace another line in the text file with no problems and that line does not have a /character.
表达我的sed命令以执行此搜索并替换和正确处理命令的正确方法是什么/？（我认为/我的字符串中的字符是给我带来问题的字符，因为我使用了类似的sed命令来搜索和替换文本文件中的另一行没有问题，并且该行没有/字符。
回答by Jonathan Leffler
Don't escape the backslashes; you'll confuse yourself. Use a different symbol after the scommand that doesn't appear in the text (I'm using %in the example below):
不要逃避反斜杠；你会迷惑自己。在s未出现在文本中的命令之后使用不同的符号（我%在下面的示例中使用）：
line_old='myparam /path/to/a argB=/path/to/B xo'
line_new='myparam /path/to/c argB=/path/to/D xo'
sed -i "s%$line_old%$line_new%g" /etc/myconfig
Also, enclose the whole string in double quotes; using single quotes means that sedsees $line(in the original) instead of the expanded value. Inside single quotes, there is no expansion and there are no metacharacters. If your text can contain almost any plain text character, use a control character (e.g. control-A or control-G) as the delimiter.
另外，用双引号将整个字符串括起来；使用单引号意味着sed看到$line（在原始）而不是扩展值。在单引号内，没有扩展，也没有元字符。如果您的文本几乎可以包含任何纯文本字符，请使用控制字符（例如 control-A 或 control-G）作为分隔符。
Note that the use of -ihere mirrors what is in the question, but that assumes the use of GNU sed. BSD sed(found on Mac OS X too) requires a suffix. You can use sed -i '' …to replace in situ; that does not work with GNU sed. To be portable between the two, use -i.bak; that will work with both — but gives you a backup file that you'll probably want to delete. Other Unix platforms (e.g. AIX, HP-UX, Solaris) may have variants of sedthat do not support -iat all. It is not required by the POSIX specification for sed.
请注意，-i此处的使用反映了问题中的内容，但前提是使用 GNU sed。BSD sed（也可在 Mac OS X 上找到）需要一个后缀。可以使用sed -i '' …原位更换；这不适用于 GNU sed。要在两者之间移植，请使用-i.bak; 这对两者都适用——但会给你一个你可能想要删除的备份文件。其他 Unix 平台（例如 AIX、HP-UX、Solaris）可能具有sed根本不支持的变体-i。POSIX 规范不需要它sed。
回答by potong
This might work for you:
这可能对你有用：
sed -i "s|$line|$line_new|g" /etc/myconfig
You must use "'s so that the $lineand $new_lineare interpolated. Also use |or any character not found in the match or replacement strings as a delimiter.
您必须使用"的，以便$line和$new_line插值。还可以使用|或 在匹配或替换字符串中找不到的任何字符作为分隔符。
