使用 Bash 删除除某些文件和目录之外的所有文件和目录
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Delete all files and directories but certain ones using Bash
提问by Bobo
I'm writing a script that needs to erase everything from a directory except two directories, mysql and temp.
我正在编写一个脚本，该脚本需要从目录中删除除两个目录 mysql 和 temp 之外的所有内容。
I've tried this:
我试过这个：
ls * | grep -v mysql | grep -v temp | xargs rm -rf
but this also keeps all the files that have mysql in their name, that i don't need. it also doesn't delete any other directories.
但这也保留了我不需要的所有名称中包含 mysql 的文件。它也不会删除任何其他目录。
any ideas?
有任何想法吗？
回答by Rubens
You may try:
你可以试试：
rm -rf !(mysql|init)
Which is POSIX defined:
这是POSIX 定义的：
Glob patterns can also contain pattern lists. A pattern list is a sequence
of one or more patterns separated by either | or &. ... The following list
describes valid sub-patterns.
...
!(pattern-list):
Matches any string that does not match the specified pattern-list.
...
Note: Please, take time to test it first! Either create some test folder, or simply echothe parameter substitution, as duly noted by @mnagel:
注意：请先花时间测试一下！要么创建一些测试文件夹，要么只是echo参数替换，正如@mnagel 所指出的：
echo !(mysql|init)
Adding useful information: if the matching is not active, you may to enable/disable it by using:
添加有用的信息：如果匹配不是活动的，您可以使用以下方法启用/禁用它：
shopt extglob # shows extglob status
shopt -s extglob # enables extglob
shopt -u extglob # disables extglob
回答by chrylis -cautiouslyoptimistic-
This is usually a job for find. Try the following command (add -rfif you need a recursive delete):
这通常是find. 尝试以下命令（-rf如果需要递归删除，请添加）：
find . -maxdepth 1 \! \( -name mysql -o -name temp \) -exec rm '{}' \;
(That is, find entries in .but not subdirectories that are not [named mysqlor named tmp] and call rmon them.)
（也就是说，在.不是 [namedmysql或 named tmp] 的子目录中查找条目并调用rm它们。）
回答by AlienHoboken
You can use find, ignore mysql and temp, and then rm -rf them.
您可以使用 find，忽略 mysql 和 temp，然后 rm -rf 它们。
find . ! -iname mysql ! -iname temp -exec rm -rf {} \;
