bash - 排除“for file in $(find ...)”中的目录
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bash - excluding directory in "for file in $(find ...)"
提问by jirinovo
I have to do a script, which copy all the *.txt files from home directory to the newly created directory specified in the first argument of this script (${1}).
我必须执行一个脚本，将所有 *.txt 文件从主目录复制到此脚本的第一个参数 (${1}) 中指定的新创建目录。
If the backup directory already exists, I want to skip it. I was trying the -prune excluding in find, but it doesn't work for me. Finally I have made if statement in the loop, which also doesn't work, and I don't know why...Thank's for help!!
如果备份目录已经存在，我想跳过它。我正在尝试在 find 中排除 -prune ，但它对我不起作用。最后我在循环中做了 if 语句，这也不起作用，我不知道为什么......谢谢你的帮助！！
Here's my code:
这是我的代码：
#!/bin/bash
mkdir
for file in $(find ~/ -name *.txt)
do
if [ ! -f ~//$file ]
then
cp -i -v $file -t ~/
fi
done
采纳答案by perreal
You have an error in the code, You are creating the directory:
您在代码中有错误，您正在创建目录：
mkdir
But copying and testing a different path (-f ~/${1}/$file, -t ~/${1}). Create a variable to prevent such errors:
但是复制和测试不同的路径 ( -f ~/${1}/$file, -t ~/${1})。创建一个变量以防止此类错误：
#!/bin/bash
dest=~/
[ -d "$dest" ] || mkdir "$dest"
SAVEIFS=$IFS
IFS=$(echo -en "\n\b")
for file in $(find ~/ -name '*.txt' -print)
do
dfile="$dest/"$(basename "$file")
if [ "$file" -ef "$dfile" ]; then
echo same
else
cp -i -v "$file" -t "$dfile"
fi
done
IFS=$SAVEIFS
回答by gniourf_gniourf
This should do:
这应该做：
#!/bin/bash
[[ -n "" ]] || { echo >&2 'Give me an argument!'; exit 1; }
destdir=$(readlink -m -- "")
[[ "$destdir" == *\** ]] && { echo >&2 "Sorry, I'm in the stupid situation where the destination dir contains the \`*' character. I can't handle this."; exit 1; }
mkdir -pv -- "$destdir" || { echo >&2 "Couldn't create directory \`$destdir'. Sorry."; exit 1; }
find "$HOME" -path "$destdir" -prune -o \( -name '*.txt' -exec cp -iv -t "$destdir" -- {} \; \)
Pro: Works with files that have spaces or funny symbols in their name (unlike yours) (except one stupid case, see Conbelow).
Pro：适用于名称中包含空格或有趣符号的文件（与您的不同）（除了一种愚蠢的情况，请参阅下面的Con）。
Con: As ormaaj pointed out in a comment, this might fail miserably if the name of your destination path contains the pattern character *. This case is safely taken into account, and the script exits gracefully if it ever happens.
缺点：正如 ormaaj 在评论中指出的那样，如果目标路径的名称包含模式字符，这可能会失败*。这种情况会被安全地考虑在内，如果发生这种情况，脚本会正常退出。
Explanations.
说明。
- Give an argument to that script. It can be absolute of relative to the current directory.
readlink, with the-moption will take care to translate this to an absolute path: that's the variabledestdir. - The directory
$destdiris created with its parents, if applicable. - In home directory, if we find
$destdirdirectory, we prune this branch, otherwise, we look for all*.txtfiles and copy them to$destdir.
- 为该脚本提供一个参数。它可以是相对于当前目录的绝对值。
readlink, 使用该-m选项将注意将其转换为绝对路径：即变量destdir。 $destdir如果适用，该目录与其父目录一起创建。- 在主目录中，如果找到
$destdir目录，则修剪此分支，否则，我们查找所有*.txt文件并将它们复制到$destdir.
Once again, this script is 100% safe regarding file names with funny symbols: spaces, newline characters or hyphens, except for the pattern character *in the destination directory name, but that case is handled safely by a graceful exit, instead of potentially screwing up the files.
再一次，这个脚本对于带有有趣符号的文件名是 100% 安全的：空格、换行符或连字符，*目标目录名称中的模式字符除外，但这种情况由优雅退出安全处理，而不是可能搞砸文件。
回答by Olaf Dietsche
You can simplify this to
您可以将其简化为
mkdir -p ""
find ~/ -name "" -prune , -name '*.txt' -print0 | xargs -0 cp -n -v -t ""
You must quote *.txt, otherwise the shell will expand it to all .txtfiles in the current directory instead of searching for all .txtfiles below your home directory. -name "$1" -pruneexcludes the backup directory.
您必须引用*.txt，否则外壳会将其扩展到.txt当前目录中的所有文件，而不是搜索.txt主目录下的所有文件。-name "$1" -prune不包括备份目录。
xargscalls cpwith as many filenames as possible and so saves a lot of time.
cp -ninstead of cp -iprevents overwriting files, which already exist. If you want to keep it, you might replace -nby -iof course.
cp -n而不是cp -i防止覆盖已经存在的文件。如果你想保持它，你可能更换-n的-i，当然。
If you want to retain the directory hierarchy, rsyncmight be better suited for this backup task.
如果要保留目录层次结构，rsync可能更适合此备份任务。
