bash 如何在bash中将一行拆分为由一个或多个空格分隔的单词？
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How to split a line into words separated by one or more spaces in bash?
提问by asdf
I realize how to do it in python, just with
我意识到如何在 python 中做到这一点，只需使用
line = db_file.readline()
ll=string.split(line)
but how can I do the same in bash? is it really possible to do it in a so simple way?
但是我怎么能在 bash 中做同样的事情呢？真的有可能以如此简单的方式做到吗？
回答by ZoogieZork
s='foo bar baz'
a=( $s )
echo ${a[0]}
echo ${a[1]}
...
回答by xioxox
If you want a specific word from the line, awk might be useful, e.g.
如果您想要该行中的特定单词，则 awk 可能很有用，例如
$ echo $LINE | awk '{print }'
Prints the second whitespace separated word in $LINE. You can also split on other characters, e.g.
在 $LINE 中打印第二个空格分隔的单词。您还可以拆分其他字符，例如
$ echo "5:6:7" | awk -F: '{print }'
6
回答by Alok Singhal
It depends upon what you mean by split. If you want to iterate over words in a line, which is in a variable, you can just iterate. For example, let's say the variable lineis this is a line. Then you can do this:
这取决于你所说的split是什么意思。如果你想迭代一行中的单词，它在一个变量中，你可以迭代。例如，假设变量line是this is a line。然后你可以这样做：
for word in $line; do echo $word; done
This will print:
这将打印：
this
is
a
line
for .. in $varsplits $varusing the values in $IFS, the default value of which means "split blanks and newlines".
for .. in $var$var使用 中的值进行拆分$IFS，其默认值表示“拆分空格和换行符”。
If you want to read lines from user or a file, you can do something like:
如果要从用户或文件中读取行，可以执行以下操作：
cat $filename | while read line
do
echo "Processing new line" >/dev/tty
for word in $line
do
echo $word
done
done
For anything else, you need to be more explicit and define your question in more detail.
对于其他任何事情，您都需要更明确并更详细地定义您的问题。
Note: Edited to remove bashism, but I still kept cat $filename | ...because I like it more than redirection.
注意：编辑以删除 bashism，但我仍然保留，cat $filename | ...因为我更喜欢它而不是重定向。
回答by harshvchawla
echo $line | tr " " "\n"
gives the output similar to those of most of the answers above; without using loops.
In your case, you also mention ll=<...output...>,
so, (given that I don't know much python and assuming you need to assign output to a variable),
给出与上述大多数答案相似的输出；不使用循环。
在您的情况下，您还提到了ll=<...output...>，
所以，（鉴于我对 python 了解不多，并假设您需要将输出分配给一个变量），
ll=`echo $line | tr " " "\n"`
should suffice (remember to echo "$ll"instead of echo $ll)
应该足够了（记住echo "$ll"而不是echo $ll）
回答by Paused until further notice.
$ line="these are words"
$ ll=($line)
$ declare -p ll # dump the array
declare -a ll='([0]="these" [1]="are" [2]="words")'
$ for w in ${ll[@]}; do echo $w; done
these
are
words
回答by ghostdog74
do this
做这个
while read -r line
do
set -- $line
echo " "
done <"file"
$1, $2 etc will be your 1st and 2nd splitted "fields". use $@ to get all values..use $# to get length of the "fields".
$1、$2 等将是您的第一个和第二个拆分的“字段”。使用 $@ 获取所有值..使用 $# 获取“字段”的长度。
回答by cturiel
More simple,
更简单，
echo $line | sed 's/\s/\n/g'
\s --> whitespace character (space, tab, NL, FF, VT, CR). In many systems also valid [:space:]
\n --> new line
\s --> 空白字符（空格、制表符、NL、FF、VT、CR）。在许多系统中也有效 [:space:]
\n --> 换行
回答by Ignacio Vazquez-Abrams
回答by Phil Miller
If you already have your line of text in a variable $LINE, then you should be able to say
如果你已经在变量 $LINE 中有你的文本行，那么你应该能够说
for L in $LINE; do
echo $L;
done
