windows 捕获程序 stdout 和 stderr 以分隔变量
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Capture program stdout and stderr to separate variables
提问by dusz
Is it possible to redirect stdout from an external program to a variable and stderr from external programs to another variable in one run?
是否可以在一次运行中将 stdout 从外部程序重定向到变量，并将 stderr 从外部程序重定向到另一个变量？
For example:
例如：
$global:ERRORS = @();
$global:PROGERR = @();
function test() {
# Can we redirect errors to $PROGERR here, leaving stdout for $OUTPUT?
$OUTPUT = (& myprogram.exe 'argv[0]', 'argv[1]');
if ( $OUTPUT | select-string -Pattern "foo" ) {
# do stuff
} else {
$global:ERRORS += "test(): oh noes! 'foo' missing!";
}
}
test;
if ( @($global:ERRORS).length -gt 0 ) {
Write-Host "Script specific error occurred";
foreach ( $err in $global:ERRORS ) {
$host.ui.WriteErrorLine("err: $err");
}
} else {
Write-Host "Script ran fine!";
}
if ( @($global:PROGERR).length -gt 0 ) {
# do stuff
} else {
Write-Host "External program ran fine!";
}
A dull example however I am wondering if that is possible?
一个沉闷的例子但是我想知道这是否可能？
采纳答案by Keith Hill
The easiest way to do this is to use a file for the stderr output, e.g.:
最简单的方法是为 stderr 输出使用一个文件，例如：
$output = & myprogram.exe 'argv[0]', 'argv[1]' 2>stderr.txt
$err = get-content stderr.txt
if ($LastExitCode -ne 0) { ... handle error ... }
I would also use $LastExitCode to check for errors from native console EXE files.
我还将使用 $LastExitCode 检查本机控制台 EXE 文件中的错误。
回答by Aaron Schultz
One option is to combine the output of stdout and stderr into a single stream, then filter.
一种选择是将 stdout 和 stderr 的输出组合成一个流，然后进行过滤。
Data from stdout will be strings, while stderr produces System.Management.Automation.ErrorRecord objects.
来自 stdout 的数据将是字符串，而 stderr 生成 System.Management.Automation.ErrorRecord 对象。
$allOutput = & myprogram.exe 2>&1
$stderr = $allOutput | ?{ $_ -is [System.Management.Automation.ErrorRecord] }
$stdout = $allOutput | ?{ $_ -isnot [System.Management.Automation.ErrorRecord] }
回答by AckSynFool
You should be using Start-Process with -RedirectStandardError -RedirectStandardOutput options. This other posthas a great example of how to do this (sampled from that post below):
您应该使用带有 -RedirectStandardError -RedirectStandardOutput 选项的 Start-Process。这个其他职位有如何做到这一点（从下后取样）一个很好的例子：
$pinfo = New-Object System.Diagnostics.ProcessStartInfo
$pinfo.FileName = "ping.exe"
$pinfo.RedirectStandardError = $true
$pinfo.RedirectStandardOutput = $true
$pinfo.UseShellExecute = $false
$pinfo.Arguments = "localhost"
$p = New-Object System.Diagnostics.Process
$p.StartInfo = $pinfo
$p.Start() | Out-Null
$p.WaitForExit()
$stdout = $p.StandardOutput.ReadToEnd()
$stderr = $p.StandardError.ReadToEnd()
Write-Host "stdout: $stdout"
Write-Host "stderr: $stderr"
Write-Host "exit code: " + $p.ExitCode
回答by James Eby
This is also an alternative that I have used to redirect stdout and stderr of a command line while still showing the output during PowerShell execution:
这也是我用来重定向命令行的 stdout 和 stderr 的替代方法，同时在 PowerShell 执行期间仍然显示输出：
$command = "myexecutable.exe my command line params"
Invoke-Expression $command -OutVariable output -ErrorVariable errors
Write-Host "STDOUT"
Write-Host $output
Write-Host "STDERR"
Write-Host $errors
It is just another possibility to supplement what was already given.
这只是补充已经给予的另一种可能性。
Keep in mind this may not always work depending upon how the script is invoked. I have had problems with -OutVariable and -ErrorVariable when invoked from a standard command line rather than a PowerShell command line like this:
请记住，这可能并不总是有效，具体取决于脚本的调用方式。当从标准命令行而不是像这样的 PowerShell 命令行调用时，我遇到了 -OutVariable 和 -ErrorVariable 的问题：
PowerShell -File ".\FileName.ps1"
An alternative that seems to work under most circumstances is this:
在大多数情况下似乎有效的替代方法是：
$stdOutAndError = Invoke-Expression "$command 2>&1"
Unfortunately, you will lose output to the command line during execution of the script and would have to Write-Host $stdOutAndErrorafter the command returns to make it "a part of the record" (like a part of a Jenkins batch file run). And unfortunately it doesn't separate stdout and stderr.
不幸的是，您将在脚本执行期间丢失命令行的输出，并且必须Write-Host $stdOutAndError在命令返回后才能使其成为“记录的一部分”（就像 Jenkins 批处理文件运行的一部分）。不幸的是，它没有将 stdout 和 stderr 分开。
