bash 在 Package Maker 安装程序 postflight 脚本期间将应用程序添加到 OSX“登录项”
声明：本页面是StackOverFlow热门问题的中英对照翻译，遵循CC BY-SA 4.0协议，如果您需要使用它，必须同样遵循CC BY-SA许可，注明原文地址和作者信息，同时你必须将它归于原作者（不是我）：StackOverFlow
原文地址: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/6947925/
Warning: these are provided under cc-by-sa 4.0 license. You are free to use/share it, But you must attribute it to the original authors (not me):
StackOverFlow
Add app to OSX "Login Items" during a Package Maker installer postflight script
提问by blak3r
I need a way to add an application to the Login Items from a postflight script which is run as part of my installer. It needs to work on 10.5+. Preferably, it would work in a bash script. My application already requires administrative rights.
我需要一种方法来将应用程序从作为我的安装程序的一部分运行的 postflight 脚本添加到登录项。它需要在 10.5+ 上运行。最好，它可以在 bash 脚本中工作。我的应用程序已经需要管理权限。
The approach I found here: Mac OS Login Items with Arguments?seemed to be on the right track (included below)... but didn't work when I tried it on command line and I'm not sure how to make it install for All Users or if I need to add logic to check if it's already added to startup items before calling this code.
我在这里找到的方法：Mac OS Login Items with Arguments? 似乎在正确的轨道上（包括在下面）......但是当我在命令行上尝试它时没有用，我不知道如何为所有用户安装它，或者我是否需要添加逻辑来检查是否在调用此代码之前，它已经添加到启动项中。
#!/bin/bash
/usr/bin/osascript -e "tell application \"System Events\" to make new login item with properties { path: \"\", hidden:false } at end"
I suspect I could also do something with a launchd. But, I'm not sure which approach is the best practice for compatibility across versions.
我怀疑我也可以用launchd做一些事情。但是，我不确定哪种方法是跨版本兼容性的最佳实践。
NOTE: I do NOT want to add it using some objective-c code inside my app. I need the installer to add it.Currently, what I do is start the application after install which then Adds it to Login Items in code using the LSSharedFileListRef... Example of that approach can be found here: How do you make your App open at login?. The reason this is not ok is I need to make my application install with Apple Remote Desktop via command line, when on the login screen. So, the application needs to not start automatically after install.
注意：我不想在我的应用程序中使用一些objective-c 代码添加它。我需要安装程序来添加它。目前，我所做的是在安装后启动应用程序，然后使用 LSSharedFileListRef 将其添加到代码中的登录项...可以在此处找到该方法的示例：如何在登录时打开您的应用程序？. 这不行的原因是我需要在登录屏幕上通过命令行使用 Apple Remote Desktop 安装我的应用程序。因此，应用程序在安装后不需要自动启动。
回答by blak3r
Here's the options I investigated and experimented with:
以下是我调查和试验的选项：
Option 1: Use Login Items
选项 1：使用登录项
This is the method I used. It's very easy to do from a bash file by adding the following line to your postflight.
这是我使用的方法。通过将以下行添加到 postflight，从 bash 文件很容易做到。
defaults write /Library/Preferences/loginwindow AutoLaunchedApplicationDictionary -array-add '{Path="/Applications/Your Application.app";}'
Note: You don't even have to worry about adding duplicates if you reinstall the application. The loginwindow process removes duplicates when it reads them.
注意：如果您重新安装应用程序，您甚至不必担心添加重复项。loginwindow 进程在读取重复项时会删除它们。
I tested this on 10.5, 10.6, and 10.7
@noa says this doesn't work on mountain lion (10.8), Haven't personally confirmed.
我在10.5、10.6和 10.7 上对此进行了测试，
@noa 说这对山狮 (10.8) 不起作用，尚未亲自确认。
Option 2: LaunchAgent
选项 2：LaunchAgent
The unique ramifications of using a Launch Agent are:
使用 Launch Agent 的独特后果是：
- Your application doesn't appear in the Login Items list, so the user really has to know what they're doing to get rid of it
- The user cannot end your applications process without running: launchctl unload /Library/LaunchAgents/com.your.package.plist
- 您的应用程序没有出现在登录项列表中，因此用户真的必须知道他们在做什么才能摆脱它
- 用户不能在不运行的情况下结束您的应用程序进程：launchctl unload /Library/LaunchAgents/com.your.package.plist
Here's some code you could use to create the launch agent in your bash file:
以下是一些可用于在 bash 文件中创建启动代理的代码：
cat > /Library/LaunchAgents/com.your.application.agent.plist << EOT
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
<key>Label</key>
<string>com.your.application.agent</string>
<key>ProgramArguments</key>
<array>
<string>/Applications/Your Application.app/Contents/MacOS/Your Application</string>
</array>
<key>RunAtLoad</key>
<true/>
</dict>
</plist>
EOT
Option 3: Compile Obj-c code to a binary
选项 3：将 Obj-c 代码编译为二进制文件
I never actually finished this approach. Apparently, this is the approach that Novell takes. Essentially you'd make a foundation application that calls the libraries referenced from this solution: How do you make your App open at login?
我从未真正完成过这种方法。显然，这是 Novell 采取的方法。本质上，您将创建一个基础应用程序，该应用程序调用从此解决方案引用的库： 如何在登录时打开您的应用程序？
Other
其他
Didn't try this but according to this post if you want it to work on tiger you need to use AppleScript..? I can't confirm or deny that but thought this link might be relevant. Editing Mac OS X login items in Objective-C through AppleScript
没有尝试过这个，但是根据这篇文章，如果你想让它在老虎上工作，你需要使用 AppleScript ......？我无法确认或否认这一点，但认为此链接可能是相关的。 通过 AppleScript 在 Objective-C 中编辑 Mac OS X 登录项
回答by w00t
There are two ways you can start your program at login time:
您可以通过两种方式在登录时启动程序：
- Use login items
- Set up a LaunchAgent
- 使用登录项
- 设置 LaunchAgent
The LaunchAgent is simplest, all you need is a .plist file that tells launchd to load your program, and then place that file in /Library/LaunchAgents (as part of the install package).
LaunchAgent 是最简单的，您只需要一个 .plist 文件，它告诉 launchd 加载您的程序，然后将该文件放在 /Library/LaunchAgents（作为安装包的一部分）。
Login items are a bit of a pain and it's per-user.
登录项有点麻烦，而且是针对每个用户的。
