bash grep 文件中的每一行
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grep each line in a file
提问by smilingbuddha
I have two files: one is a fairly long collection of names (names.txt), and another file (grades.csv) which is a huge file of names and the corresponding grades. I would like to iterate over each line in names.txt and extract that name in grades.csv with the entire matching line.
我有两个文件：一个是相当长的名称集合 (names.txt)，另一个文件 (grades.csv) 是一个巨大的名称和相应成绩文件。我想遍历 names.txt 中的每一行，并使用整个匹配行在 grades.csv 中提取该名称。
This is how a small sample names.txt looks like
这是一个小样本 names.txt 的样子
"Dumbledore, Albus"
"Potter, Harry"
"Riddle, Tom
Here is the structure of a dummy grades.csv file
这是一个虚拟的grades.csv文件的结构
"Granger, Hermione", 96.65%, 9,10
"Mcgonagall, Minerva", 80.43%, 6,7
"Dumbledore, Albus", 100%, 8, 9
"Potter, James", 91%, 7,89
"Ravenclaw, Rowena", 32%, 4,56
"Potter, Harry", 34%, 56,67
"Riddle, Tom", 99%, 3,4
I'd like to extract each line of names.txt and search grades.csv to get this
我想提取names.txt的每一行并搜索grades.csv来得到这个
"Dumbledore, Albus", 100%, 8, 9
"Potter Harry", 34%, 56,67
"Riddle Tom", 99%, 3,4
I know I would have to use grep/awk/sed for this (I am using a Linux environment) but I don't know how to use grep to loop over the lines in a file, since I am not very good at the bash command terminal. Any help appreciated!
我知道我必须为此使用 grep/awk/sed（我使用的是 Linux 环境）但我不知道如何使用 grep 来循环文件中的行，因为我不太擅长 bash命令终端。任何帮助表示赞赏！
回答by erip
I made some changes to your names.txtand grades.csv- some of the names are comma-separated and some aren't. I removed commas within quotes, so here are the new files:
我对您的names.txt和进行了一些更改grades.csv- 有些名称以逗号分隔，有些则不是。我删除了引号内的逗号，所以这里是新文件：
22:46 $ cat names.txt
"Dumbledore Albus"
"Potter Harry"
"Riddle Tom"
22:46 $ cat grades.csv
"Granger Hermione", 96.65%, 9,10
"Mcgonagall Minerva", 80.43%, 6,7
"Dumbledore Albus", 100%, 8, 9
"Potter James", 91%, 7,89
"Ravenclaw Rowena", 32%, 4,56
"Potter Harry", 34%, 56,67
"Riddle Tom", 99%, 3,4
You can use grepwith a file argument -f:
您可以使用grep文件参数-f：
22:46 $ cat script.sh
#!/bin/bash
names="/path/to/names.txt"
grades="/path/to/grades.csv"
grep -f <(tr ',' '\n' < "${names}") "${grades}"
This gives me the following output:
这给了我以下输出：
22:46 $ ./script.sh
"Dumbledore Albus", 100%, 8, 9
"Potter Harry", 34%, 56,67
"Riddle Tom", 99%, 3,4
EDIT
编辑
Assuming the names.txtand grades.csvas a rule are formatted as "Lastname, Firstname" case-insensitively:
假设names.txt和grades.csv作为规则格式为“姓氏，名字”，不区分大小写：
#!/bin/bash
names="/path/to/names.txt"
grades="/path/to/grades.csv"
grep -fi "${names}" "${grades}"
回答by Nguyen Sy Thanh Son
Try this:
尝试这个：
while read l; do grep -i "${l//\"/}" grades.csv; done < names.txt
I tested it with bashon Ubuntu 14.04. The output:
我bash在 Ubuntu 14.04 上对其进行了测试。输出：
$ while read l; do grep -i "${l//\"/}" grades.csv; done < names.txt
"Dumbledore, Albus", 100%, 8, 9
"Potter, Harry", 34%, 56,67
"Riddle, Tom", 99%, 3,4
