bash 查找 sendmail 版本（sSMTP 或 Postfix 或其他）
声明：本页面是StackOverFlow热门问题的中英对照翻译，遵循CC BY-SA 4.0协议，如果您需要使用它，必须同样遵循CC BY-SA许可，注明原文地址和作者信息，同时你必须将它归于原作者（不是我）：StackOverFlow
原文地址: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/39668980/
Warning: these are provided under cc-by-sa 4.0 license. You are free to use/share it, But you must attribute it to the original authors (not me):
StackOverFlow
Find sendmail version (sSMTP or Postfix or other)
提问by Sibidharan
I have a script which runs on multiple servers. Some servers are using sSMTPand some are using postfix.
我有一个在多台服务器上运行的脚本。有些服务器使用sSMTP，有些使用postfix。
I want to find which version of sendmailmy server is running in runtime, because -tis not supported in sSMTPbut is mandatory in Postfix
我想找出我的服务器在运行时运行的sendmail版本，因为sSMTP-t不支持，但Postfix是强制性的
Now the challenge begins.
现在挑战开始了。
sendmail -Von sSMTP variant outputs sSMTP 2.64 (Not sendmail at all)but
the postfix variant doesn't have the -Voption for displaying the version.
sendmail -V在 sSMTP 变体输出上，sSMTP 2.64 (Not sendmail at all)但后缀变体没有-V显示版本的选项。
I managed to accomplish it with the following snippet.
我设法使用以下代码段完成了它。
VER=$(sendmail -V 2>/dev/null)
if [[ "sSMTP" == $VER* ]]; then
echo $BODY | sendmail $EMAIL #sSMTP
else
echo $BODY | sendmail -t $EMAIL #postfix
fi
Is there a more efficient method to achieve this?
有没有更有效的方法来实现这一目标？
I want to find what variant of sendmail is in my server. Not just postfix or sSMTP.
我想在我的服务器中找到 sendmail 的哪个变体。不仅仅是 postfix 或 sSMTP。
采纳答案by tripleee
How about this?
这个怎么样？
type -p sendmail |
xargs dpkg -S
Some packagesput it in /usr/lib, others in /usr/sbin, etc. This obviously requires them to be on your PATH.
有些包把它放进去/usr/lib，其他的放进去/usr/sbin，等等。这显然需要它们在你的PATH.
dpkg -Stells you the name of the package which installed a file, and type -pis used to find sendmailon your PATHso we can pass that to dpkg -S. This obviously requires a Debian-based distro (Ubuntu, Mint, what have you).
dpkg -S告诉您安装文件的包的名称，并type -p用于sendmail在您的上查找，PATH以便我们可以将其传递给dpkg -S. 这显然需要一个基于 Debian 的发行版（Ubuntu、Mint，你有什么）。
On an ssmptsystem, with /usr/libon the PATH, the output is
在一个ssmpt系统上，在/usr/lib上PATH，输出是
ssmtp: /usr/lib/sendmail
On a Postfix system with a slightly different PATH,
在稍有不同的 Postfix 系统上PATH，
postfix: /usr/sbin/sendmail
I don't think I have an Exim or Qmail system where I can try this, but they should be predictably similar.
我不认为我有可以尝试此操作的 Exim 或 Qmail 系统，但可以预见它们应该是相似的。
As an aside, if you want to pass a multi-line string such as an email message to sendmailby way of a pipe from echo, you will need to quote the multi-line variable in order for it to work.
sendmail顺便说一句，如果您想通过来自 的管道echo将多行字符串（例如电子邮件消息）传递给，则需要引用多行变量才能使其工作。
echo "$body" | sendmail -t
If you want to use sendmail -t, the "$body"should contain the To:header for sendmailto parse -- this is what the -toption does, so I don't think you want a variable with a recipient address in this scenario.
如果您想使用sendmail -t，则"$body"应该包含要解析的To:标头sendmail——这就是该-t选项的作用，所以我认为在这种情况下您不需要带有收件人地址的变量。
Also, don't use uppercase for your private variable names; uppercase variable names are reserved for system use.
另外，不要对私有变量名使用大写；大写变量名保留供系统使用。
Finally, as already commented elsewhere, I believe both SSMTP and Postfix support sendmail -t, as does practically every other Sendmail implementation I have seen. So in the end, I don't think you actually need this code to achieve that goal.
最后，正如其他地方已经评论过的，我相信 SSMTP 和 Postfix 都支持sendmail -t，就像我见过的几乎所有其他 Sendmail 实现一样。所以最后，我认为您实际上不需要此代码来实现该目标。
回答by Adam
Is there a more efficient method to achieve this?
有没有更有效的方法来实现这一目标？
Yes; don't try to find the sendmail version, and use a standard way of sending mail...
是的; 不要试图找到sendmail版本，而是使用标准的方式发送邮件...
You should use the mail(or mailx) command for better compatibility
您应该使用mail(or mailx) 命令以获得更好的兼容性
MAILCMD=$(type -p mail || type -p mailx)
echo $BODY | $MAILCMD $EMAIL
回答by James Brown
How about:
怎么样：
Postfix:
后缀：
$ /usr/sbin/sendmail -C sdfsf
sendmail: fatal: open sdfsf/main.cf: No such file or directory
$ echo $?
75
sSMTP:
sSMTP：
$ /usr/sbin/sendmail -C sdfsf
sendmail: No recipients supplied - mail will not be sent
$ echo $?
0
In your script you execute /usr/sbin/sendmail -C sdfsf >/dev/null 2>&1and test the return value, which is different depending on the MTA.
在您的脚本中，您执行/usr/sbin/sendmail -C sdfsf >/dev/null 2>&1并测试返回值，这取决于 MTA。
/usr/sbin/sendmail -C sdfsf >/dev/null 2>&1
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then # return code 75 would mean Postfix
echo sSMTP
else
echo Postfix
fi
sSMTP
In Postfix -Cidentifies the config file and if non-existent causes the sendmailto fail with an return code (75). sSMTP if run with or without the -Cswitch exits with a zero and message sendmail: No recipients supplied - mail will not be sent. Test the return value ($?) for identification.
在 Postfix 中-C标识配置文件，如果不存在会导致sendmail失败并返回代码 (75)。sSMTP 如果在有或没有-C开关的情况下运行，都会以零和消息退出sendmail: No recipients supplied - mail will not be sent。测试返回值 ( $?) 以进行识别。
回答by Michael Lubert
This is a bit hacky, but should work (I'd check that man sendmailon a machine with sSMTP doesn't have the word "postfix")
这有点 hacky，但应该可以工作（我会检查man sendmail在带有 sSMTP 的机器上没有“postfix”这个词）
echo $(man sendmail)| grep "postfix" | wc -l
echo $(man sendmail)| grep "postfix" | wc -l
Basically it parses the manpage for the word "postfix" and returns 1 one if it has it (0 theoretically for sSMTP).
基本上它会解析“postfix”这个词的联机帮助页，如果有的话则返回 1（理论上 sSMTP 为 0）。
