我想在 C++ 中看到 hash_map 示例

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时间:2020-08-27 22:25:34  来源:igfitidea点击:

I would like to see a hash_map example in C++

c++hashmap

提问by skydoor

I don't know how to use the hash function in C++, but I know that we can use hash_map. Does g++ support that by simply including #include <hash_map>? What is a simple example using hash_map?

我不知道如何在 C++ 中使用哈希函数,但我知道我们可以使用hash_map. g++ 是否通过简单地包含来支持#include <hash_map>?什么是使用的简单示例hash_map

回答by

The current C++ standard does not have hash maps, but the coming C++0x standard does, and these are already supported by g++ in the shape of "unordered maps":

当前的 C++ 标准没有哈希映射,但即将到来的 C++0x 标准有,并且 g++ 已经以“无序映射”的形式支持这些映射:

#include <unordered_map>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    unordered_map <string, int> m;
    m["foo"] = 42;
    cout << m["foo"] << endl;
}

In order to get this compile, you need to tell g++ that you are using C++0x:

为了得到这个编译,你需要告诉 g++ 你正在使用 C++0x:

g++ -std=c++0x main.cpp

These maps work pretty much as std::map does, except that instead of providing a custom operator<()for your own types, you need to provide a custom hash function - suitable functions are provided for types like integers and strings.

这些映射的工作方式与 std::map 非常相似,除了不是operator<()为您自己的类型提供自定义,您需要提供自定义哈希函数 - 为整数和字符串等类型提供了合适的函数。

回答by Nikolai Fetissov

#include <tr1/unordered_map>will get you next-standard C++ unique hash container. Usage:

#include <tr1/unordered_map>将为您提供下一个标准的 C++唯一哈希容器。用法:

std::tr1::unordered_map<std::string,int> my_map;
my_map["answer"] = 42;
printf( "The answer to life and everything is: %d\n", my_map["answer"] );

回答by Manuel

回答by Ben

hash_map is a non-standard extension. unordered_map is part of std::tr1, and will be moved into the std namespace for C++0x. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unordered_map_%28C%2B%2B%29

hash_map 是一个非标准的扩展。unordered_map 是 std::tr1 的一部分,将被移动到 C++0x 的 std 命名空间中。http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unordered_map_%28C%2B%2B%29

回答by Jerry Coffin

The name accepted into TR1 (and the draft for the next standard) is std::unordered_map, so if you have that available, it's probably the one you want to use.

TR1(以及下一个标准的草案)接受的名称是std::unordered_map,所以如果您有可用的名称,它可能就是您想要使用的名称。

Other than that, using it is a lot like using std::map, with the proviso that when/if you traverse the items in an std::map, they come out in the order specified by operator<, but for an unordered_map, the order is generally meaningless.

除此之外,使用它很像 using std::map,附带条件是,当/如果您遍历 an 中的项目时std::map,它们会按 指定的顺序出现operator<,但对于 unordered_map,该顺序通常是没有意义的。