macos 如何在 Mac OSX 下使用 gcc 设置可执行文件的运行时路径（-rpath）？
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How to set the runtime path (-rpath) of an executable with gcc under Mac OSX?
提问by maxschlepzig
I want to set under Mac OSX the runtime path of an executable (for the linker) at compile time, such that shared libraries at non-standard locations are found by the dynamic linker at program start.
我想在 Mac OSX 下在编译时设置可执行文件（用于链接器）的运行时路径，以便动态链接器在程序启动时找到非标准位置的共享库。
Under Linux this is possible with -Xlinker -rpath -Xlinker /path/to(or using -Wl,-rpath,/path/to) and under Solaris you can add -R/path/toto the compiler command line.
在 Linux 下，这可以使用-Xlinker -rpath -Xlinker /path/to（或使用-Wl,-rpath,/path/to），而在 Solaris 下，您可以将其添加-R/path/to到编译器命令行。
I found some informationthat Mac OS X gcc has -rpath support since 10.5, i.e. since ~ 2008.
我发现一些信息表明 Mac OS X gcc 从 10.5 开始就支持 -rpath，即从 2008 年开始。
I tried to get it working with a minimal example - without success:
我试图用一个最小的例子让它工作 - 没有成功：
$ cat blah.c
int blah(int b)
{
return b+1;
}
And:
和：
$ cat main.c
#include <stdio.h>
int blah(int);
int main ()
{
printf("%d\n", blah(22));
return 0;
}
Compiled it like this:
编译成这样：
$ gcc -c blah.c
$ gcc -dynamiclib blah.o -o libblah.dylib
$ gcc main.c -lblah -L`pwd` -Xlinker -rpath -Xlinker `pwd`/t
Now the test:
现在测试：
$ mkdir t
$ mv libblah.dylib t
$ ./a.out
dyld: Library not loaded: libblah.dylib
Referenced from: /Users/max/test/./a.out
Reason: image not found
Trace/BPT trap
Thus the question: How to I set the runtime path for the linker under Mac OSX?
因此问题是：如何在 Mac OSX 下为链接器设置运行时路径？
Btw, setting DYLD_LIBRARY_PATHworks - but I don't want to use this hack.
顺便说一句，设置DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH有效 - 但我不想使用这个黑客。
Edit:Regarding otool -L:
编辑：关于otool -L：
$ otool -L a.out
a.out:
libblah.dylib (compatibility version 0.0.0, current version 0.0.0)
/usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 125.2.1)
It seems that otool -Lonly prints the library names (and probable the locations at link time) the executable was linked against and no runtime path information.
似乎otool -L只打印可执行文件链接的库名称（以及链接时可能的位置），而没有运行时路径信息。
采纳答案by Ben Karel
Found by experimentation, and inspecting the command lines generated by Xcode for a reference rpath demo project by Dave Driblin:
通过实验发现，并检查 Xcode 生成的命令行以获取Dave Driblin的参考 rpath 演示项目：
otool -Lshows you the install name of the linked libraries. To get @rpathto work, you need to change the install name of the library:
otool -L显示链接库的安装名称。要开始@rpath工作，您需要更改库的安装名称：
$ gcc -dynamiclib blah.o -install_name @rpath/t/libblah.dylib -o libblah.dylib
$ mkdir t ; mv libblah.dylib t/
$ gcc main.c -lblah -L`pwd`/t -Xlinker -rpath -Xlinker `pwd`
