如何使用 getopt(s) 作为在 bash 中传递参数的技术
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how to use getopt(s) as technique for passing in argument in bash
提问by jdamae
Can someone show me an example how to use getopts properly or any other technique that I would be able to pass in an argument? I am trying to write this in unix shell/bash. I am seeing there is getopt and getopts and not sure which is better to use. Eventually, I will build this out to add for more options.
有人可以向我展示一个如何正确使用 getopts 的示例，或者我可以在参数中传递的任何其他技术吗？我正在尝试在 unix shell/bash 中编写它。我看到有 getopt 和 getopts，但不确定哪个更好用。最终，我将构建它以添加更多选项。
In this case, I want to pass the filepath as input to the shell script and place a description in the case it wasn't entered correctly.
在这种情况下，我想将文件路径作为输入传递给 shell 脚本，并在未正确输入的情况下放置描述。
export TARGET_DIR="$filepath"
For example: (calling on the command line)
例如：（在命令行上调用）
./mytest.sh -d /home/dev/inputfiles
Error msg or prompt for correct usage if running it this way:
如果以这种方式运行，则会出现错误消息或提示正确使用：
./mytest.sh -d /home/dev/inputfiles/
回答by glenn Hymanman
As a user, I would be very annoyed with a program that gave me an error for providing a directory name with a trailing slash. You can just remove it if necessary.
作为用户，我会对一个程序感到非常恼火，该程序为我提供了一个带有斜杠的目录名错误。如有必要，您可以将其删除。
A shell example with pretty complete error checking:
一个带有非常完整的错误检查的 shell 示例：
#!/bin/sh
usage () {
echo "usage: :) echo "Error: -$OPTARG requires an argument"
-d dir_name"
echo any other helpful text
}
dirname=""
while getopts ":hd:" option; do
case "$option" in
d) dirname="$OPTARG" ;;
h) # it's always useful to provide some help
usage
exit 0
;;
:) echo "Error: -$OPTARG requires an argument"
usage
exit 1
;;
?) echo "Error: unknown option -$OPTARG"
usage
exit 1
;;
esac
done
if [ -z "$dirname" ]; then
echo "Error: you must specify a directory name using -d"
usage
exit 1
fi
if [ ! -d "$dirname" ]; then
echo "Error: the dir_name argument must be a directory
exit 1
fi
# strip any trailing slash from the dir_name value
dirname="${dirname%/}"
For getopts documentation, look in the bash manual
有关 getopts 文档，请查看bash 手册
回答by pBi
Correction to the ':)' line:
更正':)'行：
Error: -: requires an argument
because if no value got provided after the flag, then OPTARG gets the name of the flag and flag gets set to ":" which in the above sample printed:
因为如果在标志之后没有提供任何值，那么 OPTARG 将获取标志的名称，并将标志设置为“:”，在上面的示例中打印：
\?) echo "Error: unknown option -$OPTARG"
which wasn't useful info.
这不是有用的信息。
Same applies to:
同样适用于：
##代码##Thanks for this sample!
感谢您的样品！
