Spring/Junit/JPA 依赖注入

Dependency Injection with Spring/Junit/JPA

提问by Steve

I'm trying to create JUnit tests for my JPA DAO classes, using Spring 2.5.6 and JUnit 4.8.1.

我正在尝试使用 Spring 2.5.6 和 JUnit 4.8.1 为我的 JPA DAO 类创建 JUnit 测试。

My test case looks like this:

我的测试用例如下所示：

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations={"classpath:config/jpaDaoTestsConfig.xml"} )
public class MenuItem_Junit4_JPATest extends BaseJPATestCase {

    private ApplicationContext context;
    private InputStream dataInputStream;
    private IDataSet dataSet;

    @Resource
    private IMenuItemDao menuItemDao;

    @Test
    public void testFindAll() throws Exception {
        assertEquals(272, menuItemDao.findAll().size());
    }

    ... Other test methods ommitted for brevity ...
}

I have the following in my jpaDaoTestsConfig.xml:

我的 jpaDaoTestsConfig.xml 中有以下内容：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">

  <!-- uses the persistence unit defined in the META-INF/persistence.xml JPA configuration file -->
  <bean id="entityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalEntityManagerFactoryBean">
        <property name="persistenceUnitName" value="CONOPS_PU" /> 
  </bean>

    <bean id="groupDao" class="mil.navy.ndms.conops.common.dao.impl.jpa.GroupDao" lazy-init="true" />
    <bean id="permissionDao" class="mil.navy.ndms.conops.common.dao.impl.jpa.PermissionDao" lazy-init="true" />
    <bean id="applicationUserDao" class="mil.navy.ndms.conops.common.dao.impl.jpa.ApplicationUserDao" lazy-init="true" />
    <bean id="conopsUserDao" class="mil.navy.ndms.conops.common.dao.impl.jpa.ConopsUserDao" lazy-init="true" />

    <bean id="menuItemDao" class="mil.navy.ndms.conops.common.dao.impl.jpa.MenuItemDao" lazy-init="true" />

 <!-- enables interpretation of the @Required annotation to ensure that dependency injection actually occures -->
  <bean class="org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.RequiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor"/>  

  <!-- enables interpretation of the @PersistenceUnit/@PersistenceContext annotations providing convenient
       access to EntityManagerFactory/EntityManager -->
  <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.support.PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor"/>

  <!-- transaction manager for use with a single JPA EntityManagerFactory for transactional data access
       to a single datasource -->
  <bean id="jpaTransactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">
      <property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory"/>
  </bean>

  <!-- enables interpretation of the @Transactional annotation for declerative transaction managment
       using the specified JpaTransactionManager -->
  <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="jpaTransactionManager" proxy-target-class="false"/>

</beans>

Now, when I try to run this, I get the following:

现在，当我尝试运行它时，我得到以下信息：

SEVERE: Caught exception while allowing TestExecutionListener [org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener@fa60fa6] to prepare test instance [null(mil.navy.ndms.conops.common.dao.impl.MenuItem_Junit4_JPATest)]
org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'mil.navy.ndms.conops.common.dao.impl.MenuItem_Junit4_JPATest': Injection of resource fields failed; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalStateException: Specified field type [interface javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory] is incompatible with resource type [javax.persistence.EntityManager]
    at org.springframework.context.annotation.CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessAfterInstantiation(CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:292)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:959)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.autowireBeanProperties(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:329)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:110)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:75)
    at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:255)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:93)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.invokeTestMethod(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:130)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.JUnit4ClassRunner.runMethods(JUnit4ClassRunner.java:61)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.JUnit4ClassRunner.run(JUnit4ClassRunner.java:54)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.ClassRoadie.runUnprotected(ClassRoadie.java:34)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.ClassRoadie.runProtected(ClassRoadie.java:44)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.JUnit4ClassRunner.run(JUnit4ClassRunner.java:52)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:45)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:460)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:673)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:386)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:196)
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Specified field type [interface javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory] is incompatible with resource type [javax.persistence.EntityManager]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata$InjectedElement.checkResourceType(InjectionMetadata.java:159)
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.support.PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$PersistenceElement.(PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:559)
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.support.PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.doWith(PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:359)
    at org.springframework.util.ReflectionUtils.doWithFields(ReflectionUtils.java:492)
    at org.springframework.util.ReflectionUtils.doWithFields(ReflectionUtils.java:469)
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.support.PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.findPersistenceMetadata(PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:351)
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.support.PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessMergedBeanDefinition(PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:296)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.applyMergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessors(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:745)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:448)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.run(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:409)
    at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(AccessController.java:219)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:380)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:264)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:221)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:261)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:185)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:168)
    at org.springframework.context.annotation.CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.autowireResource(CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:435)
    at org.springframework.context.annotation.CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.getResource(CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:409)
    at org.springframework.context.annotation.CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$ResourceElement.getResourceToInject(CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:537)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata$InjectedElement.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:180)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.injectFields(InjectionMetadata.java:105)
    at org.springframework.context.annotation.CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessAfterInstantiation(CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:289)
    ... 18 more

It seems to be telling me that its attempting to store an EntityManager object into an EntityManagerFactory field, but I don't understand how or why. My DAO classes accept both an EntityManager and EntityManagerFactory via the @PersistenceContext attribute, and they work find if I load them up and run them without the @ContextConfiguration attribute (i.e. if I just use the XmlApplcationContext to load the DAO and the EntityManagerFactory directly in setUp ()).

它似乎告诉我它试图将 EntityManager 对象存储到 EntityManagerFactory 字段中，但我不明白如何或为什么。我的 DAO 类通过 @PersistenceContext 属性接受 EntityManager 和 EntityManagerFactory ，并且它们会查找我是否加载它们并在没有 @ContextConfiguration 属性的情况下运行它们（即，如果我只是使用 XmlApplcationContext 直接在 setUp 中加载 DAO 和 EntityManagerFactory ())。

Any insights would be appreciated.

任何见解将不胜感激。

回答by Bozho

These are the correct combinations of annotation + interface:

这些是注释 + 接口的正确组合：

@PersistenceContext
private EntityManager entityManager;


@PersistenceUnit
private EntityManagerFactory entityManagerFactory;

But when using spring's transaction and entity manager support, you don't need the EntityManagerFactoryat all.

但是当使用 spring 的事务和实体管理器支持时，你根本不需要EntityManagerFactory。

The reason why you don't need EntityManagerFactoryis because the creation of the EntityManageris responsibility of the transaction manager. Here's what happens in short:

你不需要的原因EntityManagerFactory是因为创建EntityManager是事务管理器的责任。简而言之，这是发生了什么：

• the transaction manager is triggered before your methods
• the transaction manager gets the EntityManagerFactory(it is injected in it), creates a new EntityManager, sets in in a ThreadLocal, and starts a new transaction.
• then it delegates to the service method
• whenever @PersistenceContextis encountered, a proxy is injected (in your Dao), which, whenever accessed, gets the current EntityManagerwhich has been set in the ThreadLocal

• 事务管理器在您的方法之前触发
• 事务管理器获取EntityManagerFactory（注入其中），创建一个新的EntityManager，设置在 a 中ThreadLocal，然后开始一个新的事务。
• 然后它委托给服务方法
• 每当@PersistenceContext遇到时，都会注入一个代理（在您的 Dao 中），无论何时访问，都会获取EntityManager已在ThreadLocal

回答by user2407102

I had to do the below combination, apart from adding spring-aspects jar to the project properties->Aspect Path and enabling spring aspects in sts. Ofcourse in my application context config file i defined the Entitymanagerfactory.

除了将 spring-aspects jar 添加到项目 properties->Aspect Path 并在 sts 中启用 spring 方面之外，我还必须进行以下组合。当然，在我的应用程序上下文配置文件中，我定义了 Entitymanagerfactory。

@ContextConfiguration(locations = { "/META-INF/spring/applicationContext-domain.xml" }) public class ReaderTest extends AbstractJUnit4SpringContextTests {

@ContextConfiguration(locations = { "/META-INF/spring/applicationContext-domain.xml" }) 公共类 ReaderTest extends AbstractJUnit4SpringContextTests {

@PersistenceContext private EntityManager entityManager;

@PersistenceContext 私有 EntityManager entityManager;

回答by Mohan Kumar Dg

I too have same problem, When I added java-persistence api problem got resolved.

我也有同样的问题，当我添加 java-persistence api 问题得到解决。

<dependency>
    <groupId>javax.persistence</groupId>
    <artifactId>persistence-api</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.2</version>
</dependency>