如何使用 ElementTree 在 Python 中递归迭代 XML 标签？
声明：本页面是StackOverFlow热门问题的中英对照翻译，遵循CC BY-SA 4.0协议，如果您需要使用它，必须同样遵循CC BY-SA许可，注明原文地址和作者信息，同时你必须将它归于原作者（不是我）：StackOverFlow
原文地址: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/21074361/
Warning: these are provided under cc-by-sa 4.0 license. You are free to use/share it, But you must attribute it to the original authors (not me):
StackOverFlow
how to recursively iterate over XML tags in Python using ElementTree?
提问by kloop
I am trying to iterate over all nodes in a tree using ElementTree.
我正在尝试使用 ElementTree 遍历树中的所有节点。
I do something like:
我做这样的事情：
tree = ET.parse("/tmp/test.xml")
root = tree.getroot()
for child in root:
### do something with child
The problem is that child is an Element object and not ElementTree object, so I can't further look into it and recurse to iterate over its elements. Is there a way to iterate differently over "root" so that it iterates over the top level nodes in the tree (immediate children) and return the same class as root itself?
问题是 child 是一个 Element 对象而不是 ElementTree 对象，所以我不能进一步研究它并递归迭代它的元素。有没有办法对“根”进行不同的迭代，以便它迭代树中的顶级节点（直接子节点）并返回与根本身相同的类？
采纳答案by Robert Christie
To iterate over all nodes, use the itermethod on the ElementTree, not the root Element.
要遍历所有节点，请在ElementTree上使用iter方法，而不是在根 Element 上使用。
The root is an Element, just like the other elements in the tree and only really has context of its own attributes and children. The ElementTree has the context for all Elements.
根是一个元素，就像树中的其他元素一样，只有它自己的属性和子元素的上下文。ElementTree 具有所有元素的上下文。
For example, given this xml
例如，给定这个 xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<data>
<country name="Liechtenstein">
<rank>1</rank>
<year>2008</year>
<gdppc>141100</gdppc>
<neighbor name="Austria" direction="E"/>
<neighbor name="Switzerland" direction="W"/>
</country>
<country name="Singapore">
<rank>4</rank>
<year>2011</year>
<gdppc>59900</gdppc>
<neighbor name="Malaysia" direction="N"/>
</country>
<country name="Panama">
<rank>68</rank>
<year>2011</year>
<gdppc>13600</gdppc>
<neighbor name="Costa Rica" direction="W"/>
<neighbor name="Colombia" direction="E"/>
</country>
</data>
You can do the following
您可以执行以下操作
>>> import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
>>> tree = ET.parse('test.xml')
>>> for elem in tree.iter():
... print elem
...
<Element 'data' at 0x10b2d7b50>
<Element 'country' at 0x10b2d7b90>
<Element 'rank' at 0x10b2d7bd0>
<Element 'year' at 0x10b2d7c50>
<Element 'gdppc' at 0x10b2d7d10>
<Element 'neighbor' at 0x10b2d7e90>
<Element 'neighbor' at 0x10b2d7ed0>
<Element 'country' at 0x10b2d7f10>
<Element 'rank' at 0x10b2d7f50>
<Element 'year' at 0x10b2d7f90>
<Element 'gdppc' at 0x10b2d7fd0>
<Element 'neighbor' at 0x10b2db050>
<Element 'country' at 0x10b2db090>
<Element 'rank' at 0x10b2db0d0>
<Element 'year' at 0x10b2db110>
<Element 'gdppc' at 0x10b2db150>
<Element 'neighbor' at 0x10b2db190>
<Element 'neighbor' at 0x10b2db1d0>
回答by trustory
you can also access specific elements like this:
您还可以访问这样的特定元素：
country= tree.findall('.//country')
then loop over range(len(country))and access
然后循环range(len(country))访问
回答by ssjadon
Adding to Robert Christie's answer it is possible to iterate over all nodes using fromstring()by converting the Element to an ElementTree:
添加到 Robert Christie 的答案中，可以fromstring()通过将 Element 转换为 ElementTree来迭代所有节点：
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
e = ET.ElementTree(ET.fromstring(xml_string))
for elt in e.iter():
print "%s: '%s'" % (elt.tag, elt.text)
回答by FatihAkici
In addition to Robert Christie's accepted answer, printing the values and tags separately is very easy:
除了罗伯特克里斯蒂接受的答案之外，单独打印值和标签非常容易：
tree = ET.parse('test.xml')
for elem in tree.iter():
print(elem.tag, elem.text)
