python 使用 lxml 的 etree 创建文档类型
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Creating a doctype with lxml's etree
提问by Marijn
I want to add doctypes to my XML documents that I'm generating with LXML's etree.
我想将文档类型添加到我使用 LXML 的 etree 生成的 XML 文档中。
However I cannot figure out how to add a doctype. Hardcoding and concating the string is not an option.
但是我不知道如何添加文档类型。硬编码和连接字符串不是一种选择。
I was expecting something along the lines of how PI's are added in etree:
我期待在 etree 中添加 PI 的方法：
pi = etree.PI(...)
doc.addprevious(pi)
But it's not working for me. How to add a to a xml document with lxml?
但这对我不起作用。如何使用 lxml 将 a 添加到 xml 文档？
采纳答案by Marijn
You can create your document with a doctype to begin with:
您可以使用 doctype 开始创建您的文档：
# Adapted from example on http://codespeak.net/lxml/tutorial.html
import lxml.etree as et
import StringIO
s = """<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root SYSTEM "test" [ <!ENTITY tasty "cheese">
<!ENTITY eacute "é"> ]>
<root>
<a>&tasty; soufflé</a>
</root>
"""
tree = et.parse(StringIO.StringIO(s))
print et.tostring(tree, xml_declaration=True, encoding="utf-8")
prints:
印刷：
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE root SYSTEM "test" [
<!ENTITY tasty "cheese">
<!ENTITY eacute "é">
]>
<root>
<a>cheese soufflé</a>
</root>
If you want to add a doctype to some XML that wasn't created with one, you can first create one with the desired doctype (as above), then copy your doctype-less XML into it:
如果你想向一些不是用它创建的 XML 添加一个 doctype，你可以先用所需的 doctype（如上）创建一个，然后将你的无 doctype 的 XML 复制到其中：
xml = et.XML("<root><test/><a>whatever</a><end_test/></root>")
root = tree.getroot()
root[:] = xml
root.text, root.tail = xml.text, xml.tail
print et.tostring(tree, xml_declaration=True, encoding="utf-8")
prints:
印刷：
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE root SYSTEM "test" [
<!ENTITY tasty "cheese">
<!ENTITY eacute "é">
]>
<root><test/><a>whatever</a><end_test/></root>
Is that what you're looking for?
这就是你要找的吗？
回答by hgb
This worked for me:
这对我有用：
print etree.tostring(tree, pretty_print=True, xml_declaration=True, encoding="UTF-8", doctype="<!DOCTYPE TEST_FILE>")
回答by Bertrand Mathieu
The PI is actually added as a previous element from "doc". Thus, it's not a child of "doc". You must use "doc.getroottree()"
PI 实际上是作为“doc”中的前一个元素添加的。因此，它不是“doc”的孩子。您必须使用“doc.getroottree()”
Here is an example:
下面是一个例子：
>>> root = etree.Element("root")
>>> a = etree.SubElement(root, "a")
>>> b = etree.SubElement(root, "b")
>>> root.addprevious(etree.PI('xml-stylesheet', 'type="text/xsl" href="my.xsl"'))
>>> print etree.tostring(root, pretty_print=True, xml_declaration=True, encoding='utf-8')
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<root>
<a/>
<b/>
</root>
with getroottree():
使用 getroottree()：
>>> print etree.tostring(root.getroottree(), pretty_print=True, xml_declaration=True, encoding='utf-8')
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="my.xsl"?>
<root>
<a/>
<b/>
</root>
