Bash 循环比较文件

Bash loop to compare files

提问by cbcp

I'm obviously missing something simply, and know the problem is that it's creating a blank output which is why it can't compare. However if someone could shed some light on this it would be great - I haven't isolated it.

我显然只是遗漏了一些东西，并且知道问题在于它正在创建一个空白输出，这就是它无法比较的原因。但是，如果有人可以对此有所了解，那就太好了-我没有将其隔离。

Ultimately, I'm trying to compare the md5sumfrom a list stored in a txt file, to that stored on the server. If errors, I need it to report that. Here's the output:

最终，我试图将md5sum存储在 txt 文件中的列表与存储在服务器上的列表进行比较。如果有错误，我需要它来报告。这是输出：

root@vps [~/testinggrounds]# cat md5.txt | while read a b; do
>   md5sum "$b" | read c d
>   if [ "$a" != "$c" ] ; then
>     echo "md5 of file $b does not match"
>   fi
> done
md5 of file file1 does not match
md5 of file file2 does not match

root@vps [~/testinggrounds]# md5sum file*
2a53da1a6fbfc0bafdd96b0a2ea29515  file1
bcb35cddc47f3df844ff26e9e2167c96  file2

root@vps [~/testinggrounds]# cat md5.txt
2a53da1a6fbfc0bafdd96b0a2ea29515  file1
bcb35cddc47f3df844ff26e9e2167c96  file2

采纳答案by David W.

I'm not going to argue. I simply try to avoid double read from inside loops.

我不打算争论。我只是尽量避免从内部循环中进行双重读取。

#! /bin/bash

cat md5.txt | while read sum file
do
    prev_sum=$(md5sum $file | awk '{print }')
    if [ "$sum" != "$prev_sum" ]
    then
        echo "md5 of file $file does not match"
    else
        echo "$file is fine"
    fi
done

回答by themel

Not directly answering your question, but md5sum(1):

不是直接回答你的问题，而是md5sum(1)：

-c, --check
read MD5 sums from the FILEs and check them

Like:

喜欢：

$ ls
1.txt  2.txt  md5.txt
$ cat md5.txt
d3b07384d113edec49eaa6238ad5ff00  1.txt
c157a79031e1c40f85931829bc5fc552  2.txt
$ md5sum -c md5.txt
1.txt: OK
2.txt: OK

回答by jordanm

The problem that you are having is that your inner read is executed in a subshell. In bash, a subshell is created when you pipe a command. Once the subshell exits, the variables $c and $d are gone. You can use process substitution to avoid the subshell:

您遇到的问题是您的内部读取是在子外壳中执行的。在 bash 中，当您通过管道传输命令时会创建一个子 shell。一旦子shell退出，变量$c和$d就消失了。您可以使用进程替换来避免子shell：

while read -r -u3 sum filename; do
   read -r cursum _ < <(md5sum "$filename")
   if [[ $sum != $cursum ]]; then
      printf 'md5 of file %s does not match\n' "$filename"
   fi
done 3<md5.txt

The redirection 3<md5.txtcauses the file to be opened as file descriptor 3. The -u 3option to readcauses it to read from that file descriptor. The inner readstill reads from stdin.

重定向3<md5.txt导致文件作为文件描述符 3 打开。-u 3选项使其read从该文件描述符中读取。内部read仍然从标准输入读取。