git 如何向 .gitignore 添加一些东西，以便匹配不是递归的？
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How to I add something to the .gitignore so that the match is not recursive?
提问by pauldoo
How to I add something to the .gitignoreso that the match is not recursive?
如何向 中添加一些内容以.gitignore使匹配不是递归的？
For example, I wish to ignore the directory fooand the file bar.txtin the current directory, but not any that exist in subdirectories.
例如，我希望忽略当前目录中的目录foo和文件bar.txt，但不要忽略子目录中存在的任何目录和文件。
I have tried this for my .gitignorefile:
我已经为我的.gitignore文件尝试过这个：
foo/
bar.txt
But unfortunately git applies this recursively, so that otherdir/bar.txtand otherdir/foo/also get ignored, which is not what I want.
但不幸的是git的递归地应用这个，所以otherdir/bar.txt和otherdir/foo/也被忽略，这不是我想要的。
(Is there a command in git that shows me all ignored files, and reference the .gitignorefile that is responsible for the file being ignored? This would be useful for debugging.)
（git 中是否有一个命令可以显示所有被忽略的文件，并引用.gitignore导致文件被忽略的文件？这对调试很有用。）
回答by pauldoo
The solution is to place a leading slash on the .gitignoreentries:
解决方案是在.gitignore条目上放置一个前导斜杠：
/foo/
/bar.txt
(I thought I tried this before posting on StackOverflow, but clearly I hadn't tried it properly, as this works perfectly.)
（我以为我在 StackOverflow 上发布之前尝试过这个，但显然我没有正确尝试，因为它完美地工作。）
回答by hermannloose
From the gitignore manpage:
从 gitignore 联机帮助页：
An optional prefix ! which negates the pattern; any matching file excluded by a previous pattern will become included again. If a negated pattern matches, this will override lower precedence patterns sources.
一个可选的前缀！否定模式；任何被先前模式排除的匹配文件将再次包含在内。如果否定模式匹配，这将覆盖较低优先级的模式源。
So !*as the first line in your .gitignore will clear all previous patterns.
因此!*，您的 .gitignore 中的第一行将清除所有以前的模式。
