python Django Admin：引用用户的 ForeignKey 和 ManyToManyField 关系的排序
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Django Admin: Ordering of ForeignKey and ManyToManyField relations referencing User
提问by dannyman
I have an application that makes use of Django's UserProfileto extend the built-in Django Usermodel. Looks a bit like:
我有一个使用 DjangoUserProfile扩展内置 DjangoUser模型的应用程序。看起来有点像：
class UserProfile(models.Model):
user = models.ForeignKey(User, unique=True)
# Local Stuff
image_url_s = models.CharField(max_length=128, blank=True)
image_url_m = models.CharField(max_length=128, blank=True)
# Admin
class Admin: pass
I have added a new class to my model:
我在我的模型中添加了一个新类：
class Team(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=128)
manager = models.ForeignKey(User, related_name='manager')
members = models.ManyToManyField(User, blank=True)
And it is registered into the Admin:
它被注册到管理员中：
class TeamAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ('name', 'manager')
admin.site.register(Team, TeamAdmin)
Alas, in the admin inteface, when I go to select a manager from the drop-down box, or set team members via the multi-select field, they are ordered by the User numeric ID. For the life of me, I can not figure out how to get these sorted.
唉，在管理界面中，当我从下拉框中选择经理或通过多选字段设置团队成员时，他们按用户数字 ID 排序。对于我的生活，我无法弄清楚如何对这些进行排序。
I have a similar class with:
我有一个类似的课程：
class Meta:
ordering = ['name']
That works great! But I don't "own" the Userclass, and when I try this trick in UserAdmin:
效果很好！但我不“拥有”这个User班级，当我尝试这个技巧时UserAdmin：
class Meta:
ordering = ['username']
I get:
我得到：
django.core.management.base.CommandError: One or more models did not validate:events.userprofile: "ordering" refers to "username", a field that doesn't exist.
django.core.management.base.CommandError: One or more models did not validate:events.userprofile: "ordering" refers to "username", a field that doesn't exist.
user.usernamedoesn't work either. I could specify, like image_url_sif I wanted to . . . how can I tell the admin to sort my lists of users by username? Thanks!
user.username也不起作用。我可以指定，就像image_url_s我想要的那样。. . 我如何告诉管理员按以下方式对我的用户列表进行排序username？谢谢！
回答by Greg
This
这
class Meta:
ordering = ['username']
should be
应该
ordering = ['user__username']
if it's in your UserProfile admin class. That'll stop the exception, but I don't think it helps you.
如果它在您的 UserProfile 管理类中。这会阻止异常，但我认为它对你没有帮助。
Ordering the User model as you describe is quite tricky, but see http://code.djangoproject.com/ticket/6089#comment:8for a solution.
按照您的描述订购 User 模型非常棘手，但请参阅http://code.djangoproject.com/ticket/6089#comment:8以获取解决方案。
回答by Daniel Roseman
One way would be to define a custom form to use for your Team model in the admin, and override the managerfield to use a queryset with the correct ordering:
一种方法是在管理员中定义一个用于团队模型的自定义表单，并覆盖该manager字段以使用具有正确排序的查询集：
from django import forms
class TeamForm(forms.ModelForm):
manager = forms.ModelChoiceField(queryset=User.objects.order_by('username'))
class Meta:
model = Team
class TeamAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ('name', 'manager')
form = TeamForm
回答by sam
This might be dangerous for some reason, but this can be done in one line in your project's models.pyfile:
由于某种原因，这可能很危险，但这可以在项目models.py文件的一行中完成：
User._meta.ordering=["username"]
回答by JohnyGomez
For me, the only working solution was to use Proxy Model. As stated in the documentation, you can create own proxy models for even built-in models and customize anything like in regular models:
对我来说，唯一可行的解决方案是使用Proxy Model。正如文档中所述，您甚至可以为内置模型创建自己的代理模型，并像在常规模型中一样自定义任何东西：
class OrderedUser(User):
class Meta:
proxy = True
ordering = ["username"]
def __str__(self):
return '%s %s' % (self.first_name, self.last_name)
After that, in your model just change Foreign Key to:
之后，在您的模型中只需将外键更改为：
user = models.OneToOneField(OrderedUser, unique=True)
or even more suitable
甚至更合适
user = models.OneToOneField(OrderedUser, unique = True, parent_link = True)
