Bash 脚本 - 如何填充数组？
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Bash script - how to fill array?
提问by user1926550
Let's say I have this directory structure:
假设我有这个目录结构：
DIRECTORY:
.........a
.........b
.........c
.........d
What I want to do is: I want to store elements of a directory in an array
我想要做的是：我想将一个目录的元素存储在一个数组中
something like : array = ls /home/user/DIRECTORY
就像是 ： array = ls /home/user/DIRECTORY
so that array[0]contains name of first file (that is 'a')
所以它array[0]包含第一个文件的名称（即'a'）
array[1] == 'b'etc.
array[1] == 'b'等等。
Thanks for help
感谢帮助
回答by Daniel Kamil Kozar
You can't simply do array = ls /home/user/DIRECTORY, because - even with proper syntax - it wouldn't give you an array, but a string that you would have to parse, and Parsing lsis punishable by law. You can, however, use built-in Bash constructs to achieve what you want :
你不能简单地做array = ls /home/user/DIRECTORY，因为 - 即使使用正确的语法 - 它不会给你一个数组，而是一个你必须解析的字符串，并且Parsingls会受到法律的惩罚。但是，您可以使用内置的 Bash 结构来实现您想要的：
#!/usr/bin/env bash
readonly YOUR_DIR="/home/daniel"
if [[ ! -d $YOUR_DIR ]]; then
echo >&2 "$YOUR_DIR does not exist or is not a directory"
exit 1
fi
OLD_PWD=$PWD
cd "$YOUR_DIR"
i=0
for file in *
do
if [[ -f $file ]]; then
array[$i]=$file
i=$(($i+1))
fi
done
cd "$OLD_PWD"
exit 0
This small script saves the names of all the regular files (which means no directories, links, sockets, and such) that can be found in $YOUR_DIRto the array called array.
这个小脚本将所有可以在其中找到的常规文件的名称（这意味着没有目录、链接、套接字等）保存$YOUR_DIR到名为array.
Hope this helps.
希望这可以帮助。
回答by Gordon Davisson
Option 1, a manual loop:
选项 1，手动循环：
dirtolist=/home/user/DIRECTORY
shopt -s nullglob # In case there aren't any files
contentsarray=()
for filepath in "$dirtolist"/*; do
contentsarray+=("$(basename "$filepath")")
done
shopt -u nullglob # Optional, restore default behavior for unmatched file globs
Option 2, using bash array trickery:
选项 2，使用 bash 数组技巧：
dirtolist=/home/user/DIRECTORY
shopt -s nullglob
contentspaths=("$dirtolist"/*) # This makes an array of paths to the files
contentsarray=("${contentpaths[@]##*/}") # This strips off the path portions, leaving just the filenames
shopt -u nullglob # Optional, restore default behavior for unmatched file globs
