Python 如何使用 matplotlib 绘制复数（Argand Diagram）
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How to plot complex numbers (Argand Diagram) using matplotlib
提问by atomh33ls
I'd like to create an Argand Diagramfrom a set of complex numbers using matplotlib.
我想使用 matplotlib 从一组复数创建一个Argand 图。
Are there any pre-built functions to help me do this?
Can anyone recommend an approach?
是否有任何预先构建的功能可以帮助我做到这一点？
任何人都可以推荐一种方法吗？
图片由LeonardoG 提供，CC-SA-3.0
采纳答案by inclement
I'm not sure exactly what you're after here...you have a set of complex numbers, and want to map them to the plane by using their real part as the x coordinate and the imaginary part as y?
我不确定你在这里到底想要什么......你有一组复数，并且想要通过使用它们的实部作为 x 坐标和虚部作为 y 将它们映射到平面？
If so you can get the real part of any python imaginary number with number.realand the imaginary part with number.imag. If you're using numpy, it also provides a set of helper functions numpy.real and numpy.imag etc. which work on numpy arrays.
如果是这样，你可以得到任何 python 虚数的实部number.real和虚部number.imag。如果您使用 numpy，它还提供了一组辅助函数 numpy.real 和 numpy.imag 等，它们适用于 numpy 数组。
So for instance if you had an array of complex numbers stored something like this:
因此，例如，如果您有一个复数数组，存储如下：
In [13]: a = n.arange(5) + 1j*n.arange(6,11)
In [14]: a
Out[14]: array([ 0. +6.j, 1. +7.j, 2. +8.j, 3. +9.j, 4.+10.j])
...you can just do
...你可以这样做
In [15]: fig,ax = subplots()
In [16]: ax.scatter(a.real,a.imag)
This plots dots on an argand diagram for each point.
这会在每个点的 argand 图上绘制点。
edit: For the plotting part, you must of course have imported matplotlib.pyplot via from matplotlib.pyplot import *or (as I did) use the ipython shell in pylab mode.
编辑：对于绘图部分，您当然必须通过from matplotlib.pyplot import *或（像我一样）在 pylab 模式下使用 ipython shell导入 matplotlib.pyplot 。
回答by atomh33ls
To follow up @inclement's answer; the following function produces an argand plot that is centred around 0,0 and scaled to the maximum absolute value in the set of complex numbers.
跟进@inclement 的回答；以下函数生成一个以 0,0 为中心的 argand 图，并缩放到复数集中的最大绝对值。
I used the plot function and specified solid lines from (0,0). These can be removed by replacing ro-with ro.
我使用了 plot 函数并从 (0,0) 指定了实线。这些可以通过替换ro-为来删除ro。
def argand(a):
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
for x in range(len(a)):
plt.plot([0,a[x].real],[0,a[x].imag],'ro-',label='python')
limit=np.max(np.ceil(np.absolute(a))) # set limits for axis
plt.xlim((-limit,limit))
plt.ylim((-limit,limit))
plt.ylabel('Imaginary')
plt.xlabel('Real')
plt.show()
For example:
例如：
>>> a = n.arange(5) + 1j*n.arange(6,11)
>>> from argand import argand
>>> argand(a)
produces:
产生：
EDIT:
编辑：
I have just realised there is also a polarplot function:
我刚刚意识到还有一个polar绘图功能：
for x in a:
plt.polar([0,angle(x)],[0,abs(x)],marker='o')
回答by Holomorphic Guy
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from numpy import *
'''
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~`
This draws the axis for argand diagram
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~`
'''
r = 1
Y = [r*exp(1j*theta) for theta in linspace(0,2*pi, 200)]
Y = array(Y)
plt.plot(real(Y), imag(Y), 'r')
plt.ylabel('Imaginary')
plt.xlabel('Real')
plt.axhline(y=0,color='black')
plt.axvline(x=0, color='black')
def argand(complex_number):
'''
This function takes a complex number.
'''
y = complex_number
x1,y1 = [0,real(y)], [0, imag(y)]
x2,y2 = [real(y), real(y)], [0, imag(y)]
plt.plot(x1,y1, 'r') # Draw the hypotenuse
plt.plot(x2,y2, 'r') # Draw the projection on real-axis
plt.plot(real(y), imag(y), 'bo')
[argand(r*exp(1j*theta)) for theta in linspace(0,2*pi,100)]
plt.show()
https://github.com/QuantumNovice/Matplotlib-Argand-Diagram/blob/master/argand.py
https://github.com/QuantumNovice/Matplotlib-Argand-Diagram/blob/master/argand.py
回答by Dejan
If you prefer a plot like the one below
如果你喜欢像下面这样的情节
or this one second type of plot
或者这第二种类型的情节
you can do this simply by these two lines (as an example for the plots above):
你可以简单地通过这两行来做到这一点（作为上图的例子）：
z=[20+10j,15,-10-10j,5+15j] # array of complex values
complex_plane2(z,1) # function to be called
by using a simple jupyter code from here https://github.com/osnove/other/blob/master/complex_plane.py
通过从这里使用一个简单的 jupyter 代码 https://github.com/osnove/other/blob/master/complex_plane.py
I have written it for my own purposes. Even better it it helps to others.
我写它是为了我自己的目的。更好的是它可以帮助他人。
