如何在 Python 中匹配精确的“多个”字符串
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How to match exact "multiple" strings in Python
提问by Neo
I've got a list of exact patterns that I want to search in a given string. Currently I've got a real bad solution for such a problem.
我有一个我想在给定字符串中搜索的确切模式列表。目前，我对这样的问题有一个非常糟糕的解决方案。
pat1 = re.compile('foo.tralingString')
mat1 = pat1.match(mystring)
pat2 = re.compile('bar.trailingString')
mat2 = pat2.match(mystring)
if mat1 or mat2:
# Do whatever
pat = re.compile('[foo|bar].tralingString')
match = pat.match(mystring) # Doesn't work
The only condition is that I've got a list of strings which are to be matched exactly. Whats the best possible solution in Python.
唯一的条件是我有一个要完全匹配的字符串列表。什么是 Python 中最好的解决方案。
EDIT: The search patterns have some trailing patterns common.
编辑：搜索模式有一些常见的尾随模式。
采纳答案by ircmaxell
You could do a trivial regex that combines those two:
你可以做一个简单的正则表达式，结合这两者：
pat = re.compile('foo|bar')
if pat.match(mystring):
# Do whatever
You could then expand the regex to do whatever you need to, using the |separator (which means orin regex syntax)
然后，您可以使用|分隔符（这意味着或在正则表达式语法中）扩展正则表达式以执行您需要的任何操作
Edit:Based upon your recent edit, this should do it for you:
编辑：根据您最近的编辑，这应该为您做：
pat = re.compile('(foo|bar)\.trailingString');
if pat.match(mystring):
# Do Whatever
The []is a character class. So your [foo|bar]would match a string with oneof the included characters (since there's no * or + or ? after the class). ()is the enclosure for a sub-pattern.
该[]是字符类。因此，您[foo|bar]将匹配一个字符串与其中一个包含的字符（因为类之后没有 * 或 + 或 ? ）。 ()是子模式的外壳。
回答by BoltClock
You're right in using |but you're using a character class []instead of a subpattern (). Try this regex:
您使用正确，|但您使用的是字符类[]而不是子模式()。试试这个正则表达式：
r = re.compile('(?:foo|bar)\.trailingString')
if r.match(mystring):
# Do stuff
Old answer
旧答案
If you want to do exact substring matches you shouldn't use regex.
如果要进行精确的子字符串匹配，则不应使用正则表达式。
Try using ininstead:
尝试使用in：
words = ['foo', 'bar']
# mystring contains at least one of the words
if any(i in mystring for i in words):
# Do stuff
回答by dagoof
perhaps
也许
any([re.match(r, mystring) for r in ['bar', 'foo']])
I'm assuming your match patterns will be more complex than foo or bar; if they aren't, just use
我假设您的匹配模式将比 foo 或 bar 更复杂；如果不是，请使用
if mystring in ['bar', 'foo']:
回答by Senthil Kumaran
回答by Hugh Bothwell
Do you want to search for patternsor strings? The best solution for each is very different:
您要搜索模式还是字符串？每个人的最佳解决方案是非常不同的：
# strings
patterns = ['foo', 'bar', 'baz']
matches = set(patterns)
if mystring in matches: # O(1) - very fast
# do whatever
# patterns
import re
patterns = ['foo', 'bar']
matches = [re.compile(pat) for pat in patterns]
if any(m.match(mystring) for m in matches): # O(n)
# do whatever
Edit:Ok, you want to search on variable-length exact strings at the beginning of a search string; try
编辑：好的，您想在搜索字符串的开头搜索可变长度的精确字符串；尝试
from collections import defaultdict
matches = defaultdict(set)
patterns = ['foo', 'barr', 'bazzz']
for p in patterns:
matches[len(p)].add(p)
for strlen,pats in matches.iteritems():
if mystring[:strlen] in pats:
# do whatever
break
