将大型 MySQL 表导出为多个较小的文件
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Export a large MySQL table as multiple smaller files
提问by Billy
I have a very large MySQL table on my local dev server: over 8 million rows of data. I loaded the table successfully using LOAD DATA INFILE.
我的本地开发服务器上有一个非常大的 MySQL 表：超过 800 万行数据。我使用 LOAD DATA INFILE 成功加载了表。
I now wish to export this data and import it onto a remote host.
我现在希望导出这些数据并将其导入远程主机。
I tried LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE to the remote host. However, after around 15 minutes the connection to the remote host fails. I think that the only solution is for me to export the data into a number of smaller files.
我尝试将 LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE 加载到远程主机。但是，大约 15 分钟后，与远程主机的连接失败。我认为唯一的解决方案是将数据导出到多个较小的文件中。
The tools at my disposal are PhpMyAdmin, HeidiSQL and MySQL Workbench.
我可以使用的工具是 PhpMyAdmin、HeidiSQL 和 MySQL Workbench。
I know how to export as a single file, but not multiple files. How can I do this?
我知道如何导出为单个文件，而不是多个文件。我怎样才能做到这一点？
回答by Riccardo Galli
I just did an import/export of a (partitioned) table with 50 millions record, it needed just 2 minutes to export it from a reasonably fast machine and 15 minutes to import it on my slower desktop. There was no need to split the file.
我刚刚做了一个有 5000 万条记录的（分区）表的导入/导出，从一台速度相当快的机器导出它只需要 2 分钟，而在我较慢的桌面上导入它只需要 15 分钟。无需拆分文件。
mysqldump is your friend, and knowing that you have a lot of data it's better to compress it
mysqldump 是你的朋友，知道你有很多数据最好压缩它
@host1:~ $ mysqldump -u <username> -p <database> <table> | gzip > output.sql.gz
@host1:~ $ scp output.sql.gz host2:~/
@host1:~ $ rm output.sql.gz
@host1:~ $ ssh host2
@host2:~ $ gunzip < output.sql.gz | mysql -u <username> -p <database>
@host2:~ $ rm output.sql.gz
回答by Reut Sharabani
Take a look at mysqldump
Your lines should be (from terminal):
您的线路应该是（来自终端）：
export to backupfile.sql from db_name in your mysql:
从 mysql 中的 db_name 导出到 backupfile.sql：
mysqldump -u user -p db_name > backupfile.sql
import from backupfile to db_name in your mysql:
从备份文件导入到你的 mysql 中的 db_name：
mysql -u user -p db_name < backupfile.sql
You have two options in order to split the information:
您有两个选项可以拆分信息：
- Split the output text file into smaller files (as many as you need, many tools to do this, e.g. split).
Export one table each time using the option to add a table name after the db_name, like so:
mysqldump -u user -p db_name table_name > backupfile_table_name.sql
- 将输出文本文件拆分为较小的文件（根据您的需要，许多工具可以做到这一点，例如split）。
每次使用在 db_name 后添加表名的选项导出一张表，如下所示：
mysqldump -u user -p db_name table_name > backupfile_table_name.sql
Compressing the file(s) (a text file) is very efficient and can minimize it to about 20%-30% of it's original size.
压缩文件（文本文件）非常有效，可以将其最小化到原始大小的 20%-30%。
Copying the files to remote servers should be done with scp(secure copy) and interaction should take place with ssh (usually).
将文件复制到远程服务器应该使用scp（安全复制）完成，交互应该使用 ssh（通常）进行。
Good luck.
祝你好运。
回答by Billy
I found that the advanced options in phpMyAdmin allow me to select how many rows to export, plus the start point. This allows me to create as many dump files as required to get the table onto the remote host.
我发现 phpMyAdmin 中的高级选项允许我选择要导出的行数以及起点。这允许我根据需要创建尽可能多的转储文件，以便将表放到远程主机上。
I had to adjust my php.ini settings, plus the phpMyAdmin config 'ExecTimeLimit' setting as generating the dump files takes some time (500,000 rows in each).
我不得不调整我的 php.ini 设置，加上 phpMyAdmin 配置 'ExecTimeLimit' 设置，因为生成转储文件需要一些时间（每个文件 500,000 行）。
I use HeidiSQL to do the imports.
我使用 HeidiSQL 进行导入。
回答by Asad Saeeduddin
As an example of the mysqldump approach for a single table
作为单个表的 mysqldump 方法的示例
mysqldump -u root -ppassword yourdb yourtable > table_name.sql
Importing is then as simple as
导入就像这样简单
mysql -u username -ppassword yourotherdb < table_name.sql
回答by p.matsinopoulos
Use mysqldumpto dump the table into a file.
Then use tarwith -zoption to zip the file.
Transfer it to your remote server (with ftp, sftpor other file transfer utility).
Then untar the file on remote server
Use mysqlto import the file.
用于mysqldump将表转储到文件中。然后使用tarwith-z选项来压缩文件。将其传输到您的远程服务器（使用ftp，sftp或其他文件传输实用程序）。然后将远程服务器上的文件解压mysql用于导入文件。
There is no reason to split the original file or to export in multiple files.
没有理由拆分原始文件或导出多个文件。
回答by Larzan
If you are not comfortable with using the mysqldumpcommand line tool, here are two GUI tools that can help you with that problem, although you have to be able to upload them to the server via FTP!
如果您不习惯使用mysqldump命令行工具，这里有两个 GUI 工具可以帮助您解决该问题，尽管您必须能够通过 FTP 将它们上传到服务器！
Admineris a slim and very efficient DB Manager tool that is at least as powerful as PHPMyAdmin and has only ONE SINGLE FILE that has to be uploaded to the server which makes it extremely easy to install. It works way better with large tables / DB than PMA does.
Adminer是一种纤薄且非常高效的数据库管理器工具，它至少与 PHPMyAdmin 一样强大，并且只有一个必须上传到服务器的单个文件，这使得它非常容易安装。与 PMA 相比，它对大表/DB 的工作方式更好。
MySQLDumperis a tool developed especially to export / import large tables / DBs so it will have no problem with the situation you describe. The only dowside is that it is a bit more tedious to install as there are more files and folders (~350 files in ~1.5MB), but it shouldn't be a problem to upload it via FTP either, and it will definately get the job done :)
MySQLDumper是一个专门为导出/导入大表/数据库而开发的工具，因此它对您描述的情况没有问题。唯一的缺点是安装起来有点繁琐，因为有更多的文件和文件夹（大约 1.5MB 中有大约 350 个文件），但是通过 FTP 上传它也不应该是一个问题，它肯定会得到完成的工作:)
So my advice would be to first try Adminer and if that one also fails go the MySQLDumper route.
所以我的建议是首先尝试 Adminer，如果那个也失败了，请转到 MySQLDumper 路线。
回答by Leonardo Alfonso Tapia Delgado
How do I split a large MySQL backup file into multiple files?
You can use mysql_export_explode https://github.com/barinascode/mysql-export-explode
您可以使用 mysql_export_explode https://github.com/barinascode/mysql-export-explode
<?php
#Including the class
include 'mysql_export_explode.php';
$export = new mysql_export_explode;
$export->db = 'dataBaseName'; # -- Set your database name
$export->connect('host','user','password'); # -- Connecting to database
$export->rows = array('Id','firstName','Telephone','Address'); # -- Set which fields you want to export
$export->exportTable('myTableName',15); # -- Table name and in few fractions you want to split the table
?>
At the end of the SQL files are created in the directory where the script is executed in the following format
---------------------------------------
myTableName_0.sql
myTableName_1.sql
myTableName_2.sql
...
